Fabrication of very-low-density, high-stiffness carbon fiber/aluminum hybridized composite with ultra-low density and high stiffness (M-11)

Fabrication of a composite material with ultra-low density and high stiffness in microgravity is the objective of the investigation. The composite structure to be obtained is a random three-dimensional array of high modulus, short carbon fibers bonded at contact points by an aluminum alloy coated on the fibers. The material is highly porous and thus has a very low density. The motivation toward the investigation, simulation experiments, choice of the component materials, and on-flight experiment during ballistic trajectory of a NASDA rocket, are described

Association between Total Antioxidant Capacity in Breast Milk and Postnatal Age in Days in Premature Infants

This study aimed to consider the significance of breast milk in preventing oxidative stress by comparing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in breast milk and formula milk for premature infants, demonstrating the relationship between TAC in breast milk and postnatal age in days. We used the biological anti-oxidant potential test, a new method to measure TAC in breast milk. Breast milk for premature infants were stored at −20°C and thawed within 48 h of collection. We measured TAC in two types of formula milk in the same way. TAC was clearly higher in breast milk than formula milk. Although a negative correlation was observed between TAC in breast milk and age when collected, TAC was always higher than the average TAC in formula milk. TAC in breast milk is higher than TAC in formula milk. We suggest the importance of breast milk for preventing oxidative stress and starting breastfeeding early

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This report will examine the management of the influential family-group companies, Rongjia Qiye operated by native capital, in order to make clear what the business management in modern China (referring to the China before people\u27s Republic of China came into existence) was like. In particular, it will study such matters as the capital raising and capital accumulation, the characteristics of the management system and production system, the behavioral patterns of the management and labor, in the family-group companies, Rongjia Qiye, based on the historical materials on the companies (published in 1980 by Shanghai people\u27s publishing). By analyzing the business management of one of the most influential companies in modern China, it will make clear the style of business management peculiar to China, extracting the characteristics which are especially Chinese in the business managemen

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この報告は, 19世紀中葉に世界市場に包摂されたのち中国の蚕糸業にいかなる変化が生じたかを明らかにすることを目的として, 分析の対象を江蘇省の新興蚕業地無錫に設定し, 19世紀中葉以降, 第一次世界大戦前夜までの無錫の蚕糸業の変化・発展の過程を歴史的にあとづけようとするものである。具体的には以下の三点を中心に分析を進めた。(1)無錫ではいかなる理由により, 在来糸の生産がいち早く放棄され, 繭販売を目的とした新しい養蚕業が広汎に行なわれるようになったか。(2)歴史的にうけつがれてきていた地主制や技術の低位性・分断的な市場構造・前期的資本による収奪・反動的な清朝地方当局による流通課税などは, 無錫の養蚕業の発達をいかに制約していたか。(3)無錫の農民は自己の養蚕経営にのしかかるさまざまな障害をどのように克服しようとしていたか, また第一次世界大戦の前夜までに無錫の養蚕業はいかなる発展を示していたか。This Report is intended to make clear what changes were brought about to the Chinese silk-reeling industry after it was subsumed in the world market in the mid 19th century. For this purpose, the object of this analysis is set upon the city of Wuxi, the newly developed silk-reeling district in Jiangsu provice. Here we are going to trace from historical viewpoint the process of changes and development of silk-reeling industry in Wuxi from mid 19th century up to the eve of World War I. The analysis is made centering upon the following three points. (1) For what reasons was the production of native silk abandoned promptly and was the new silk-raising industry beginning to spring up extensively ? The purpose of silk-raising industry was to sell the whole cocoons raised by silk-raising farmers. (2) To what extent did the historically inherited landowner system, the low technical level, divided market structure, the exploitation by the premodern capital and the distribution levy imposed by the reactive Qing authorities etc. all join to restrict the development of silk-raising industry in Wuxi ? (3) In what ways did the farmers in Wuxi try to get over various problems and difficulties that lay heavily on the management of their industry? What development did the silk-raising industry in Wuxi attain by the eve of World War I

How the kinetochore couples microtubule force and centromere stretch to move chromosomes

The Ndc80 complex (Ndc80, Nuf2, Spc24, Spc25) is a highly conserved kinetochore protein essential for end-on anchorage to spindle microtubule plus-ends and for force generation coupled to plus-end polymerization and depolymerization. Spc24/Spc25 at one end of the Ndc80 complex binds the kinetochore. The N-terminal tail and CH domains of Ndc80 bind microtubules, and an internal domain binds microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) such as the Dam1 complex. To determine how the microtubule and MAP binding domains of Ndc80 contribute to force production at the kinetochore in budding yeast, we have inserted a FRET tension sensor into the Ndc80 protein about halfway between its microtubule binding and internal loop domains. The data support a mechanical model of force generation at metaphase where the position of the kinetochore relative to the microtubule plus-end reflects the relative strengths of microtubule depolymerization, centromere stretch and microtubule binding interactions with Ndc80 and Dam1 complexes