セカイ ワ ギャクテン シテイル

私は本稿で、植民地ペルーの巡察記録に見られるアンデス先住民へのキリスト教(カトリック)改宗を巡るスペイン人と先住民の間の葛藤を、異文化間のモラル闘争の場として考察したい。モラルは、共同体(共同体・民族・国家)規範であり、普遍的な真理 ..

A Crucial Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in the Wound Healing Response in Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride

Background. Acute liver injury induced by administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has used a model of wound repair in the rat liver. Previously, we reported transient expression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) 2 or Bmp4 at 6–24 h after CCl4 treatment, suggesting a role of BMP signaling in the wound healing response in the injured liver. In the present study, we investigated the biological meaning of the transient Bmp expression in liver injury. Methods. Using conditional knockout mice carrying a floxed exon in the BMP receptor 1A gene, we determined the hepatic gene expressions and proliferative activity following CCl4-treated liver. Results. We observed retardation of the healing response in the knockout mice treated with CCl4, including aggravated histological feature and reduced expressions of the albumin and Tdo2 genes, and a particular decrease in the proliferative activity shown by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Conclusion. Our findings suggest a crucial role of BMP signaling in the amelioration of acute liver injury

二種の血清型特異性,すなわち血清型4のVP3と血清型3のVP7を有する組換え体ヒトロタウイルスの作製

The reassortment of viral genome segments has been reported to occur during coinfection of cultured cells with two different rotaviruses. Further, epidemiologic findings suggesting that genetic reassortment of viral RNAs may account for an antigenic shift in rotavirus in nature have also been accumulated. In the present study a reassortant virus, C148, was selected from fifty-one progeny virus clones obtained under an antibody pressure from a mixed infection of MA104 cells with human rotavirus serotype 3 (YO) and serotype 4 (Hochi) strains. Antigenic characterization and genotype analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis concluded that C148 virus possessed a mosaic antigenicity defined by two serotype-specific viral proteins (VP), i. e. the serotype 4-specific VP3 and the serotype 3-specific VP7. While the reassortant C148 was judged to belong to serotype 3 on the basis of its preferential neutralizability by serotype 3 antiserum, the antiserum prepared against C148 equally neutralized both serotype 3 and 4 viruses. These results seem to further support the possible emergence of a genetic reassortant in nature between human rotaviruses beloneinu to different serotypes

Characterization of sensitivity and responses of a 2-element prototype wavefront sensor for millimeter-wave adaptive optics attached to the Nobeyama 45 m telescope

We report the results of the performance characterization of a prototype wavefront sensor for millimetric adaptive optics (MAO) installed on the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. MAO is a key component to realize a future large-aperture submillimeter telescope, such as Large Submillimeter Telescope (LST) or Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). The difficulty of MAO is, however, real-time sensing of wavefront deformation with ~10 um accuracy across the aperture. Our wavefront sensor operating at 20 GHz measures the radio path length between a certain position of the primary mirror surface to the focal point where a 20 GHz coherent receiver is placed. With the 2-element prototype, we sampled two positions on the primary mirror surface (at radii of 5 m and 16 m) at a sampling rate of 10 Hz. Then an excess path length (EPL) between the two positions was obtained by differentiating the two optical paths. A power spectral density of the EPL shows three components: a low-frequency drift (1/f^n), oscillations, and a white noise. A comparison of EPL measurements under a variety of wind conditions suggests that the former two are likely induced by the wind load on the telescope structure. The power of the white noise corresponds to a 1sigma statistical error of 8 um in EPL measurements. The 8 um r.m.s. is significant with respect to the mirror surface accuracy required by the LST and AtLAST (~20-40 um r.m.s.), which demonstrates that our technique is also useful for the future large-aperture submillimeter telescopes.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures. Published in SPIE Pro

A Novel Method for Rearing Zebrafish by Using Freshwater Rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus)

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a powerful model organism for studying developmental processes and genetic diseases. However, there remain several problems in previous rearing methods. In this study, we demonstrate a novel method for rearing zebrafish larvae by using a new first food, freshwater rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus). Feeding experiments indicated that freshwater rotifers are suitable as the first food for newly hatched larval fish. In addition, we revisited and improved a feeding schedule from 5 to 40 days postfertilization. Our feeding method using freshwater rotifers accelerated larval growth. At 49 dpf, one pair out of 10 pairs successfully produced six fertilized eggs. At 56, 63, and 71 dpf, 6 out of the 10 pairs constantly produced normal embryos. Our method will improve the husbandry of the zebrafish