CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO-STRUCTURES IN MATERIALS BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

We will introduce the usefulness of convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) in nano-characterization of materials: (1) Determination of local lattice strain in Si, (2) Determination of polarity of GaN of wurtzite structure, (3) Measurement of local oxygen concentration of the high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy. Keywords: convergent beam electron diffractio

Characterization of Nano-structures in Materials by Transmission Electron Microscopy

We will introduce the usefulness of convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) in nano-characterization of materials: (1) Determination of local lattice strain in Si, (2) Determination of polarity of GaN of wurtzite structure, (3) Measurement of local oxygen concentration of the high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy

Papillon: a Project of Lexical Database for English, French and Japanese, using Interlingual Links

International audienceThis paper presents a new project, called Papillon [Papillon00]. Its goal is to build a French-English-Japanese multilingual lexical database by using interlingual links and to extract from it digital bilingual French-Japanese and Japanese-French dictionaries. These dictionaries will be available under the terms of an open source licence. This project, initiated by some computational linguists, aims at being useful and open to all those who are interested in Japanese and French. A seminar was organized on the 10-12 of August 2000 in Tokyo [Planas00]. It was devoted to discussions aiming at reaching a general consensus on the structure and content of the database, and to decide some technical aspects of database development, i.e. database configuration, contents of the entries and link between the entries

Mid-career pitfall of consecutive success in science

The creativity of scientists often manifests as localized hot streaks of significant success. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these influential phases can enhance the effectiveness of support systems and funding allocation, fostering groundbreaking discoveries worthy of accolades. Historically, analyses have suggested that hot streaks occur randomly over time. However, our research, through meticulous examination, reveals that these phases are not flatly distributed but are more frequent at the early and late stages of scientists' careers. Notably, both early and late hot streaks are marked by dense tie collaborations, with the former typically involving close partnerships with particular authors and the latter being characterized by involvement in large-scale projects compared with single-top or ordinary papers. This pattern indicates that mid-career researchers lack both intimate relations and resources to keep big projects, leading to``mid-career pitfal'' of consecutive success. This insight holds profound implications for the development of policies and initiatives aimed at bolstering innovative research and discovery.Comment: 23 pages, 20 figure

バークリと経験しえぬもの : その方法を巡って

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 一ノ瀬 正樹, 東京大学教授 納富 信留, 東京大学教授 鈴木 泉, 群馬県立女子大学名誉教授 植村 恒一郎, 東洋大学教授 河本 英夫University of Tokyo(東京大学