15 research outputs found

    転倒の自己認知は身体的危機に関連する脳領域を活性化させる

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    While bipedalism is a fundamental evolutionary adaptation thought to be essential for the development of the human brain, the erect body is always an inch or two away from falling. Although the neural mechanism for automatically detecting one’s own body instability is an important consideration, there have thus far been few functional neuroimaging studies because of the restrictions placed on participants’ movements. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural substrate underlying whole body instability, based on the self-recognition paradigm that uses video stimuli consisting of one’s own and others’ whole bodies depicted in stable and unstable states. Analyses revealed significant activity in the regions which would be activated during genuine unstable bodily states: The right parieto-insular vestibular cortex, inferior frontal junction, posterior insula and parabrachial nucleus. We argue that these right-lateralized cortical and brainstem regions mediate vestibular information processing for detection of vestibular anomalies, defensive motor responding in which the necessary motor responses are automatically prepared/simulated to protect one’s own body, and sympathetic activity as a form of alarm response during whole body instability.首都大学東京, 2016-03-25, 博士(健康科学), 甲第633号首都大学東

    Changes in Duration and Intensity of the World’s Top-Level Badminton Matches: A Consideration of the Increased Acute Injuries among Elite Women’s Singles Players

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    The purpose of this study was to clarify whether there have been any specific changes in the characteristics of the world’s top-level women’s singles badminton matches compared to men’s singles matches after the current badminton scoring system was implemented in 2006. We compared the characteristics of the matches between the Super Series tournaments in 2007 and 2017. Match duration increased as the rally and rest times increased in both men’s and women’s singles matches. Specifically, in women’s singles, it was suggested that a further increase in physical demands because of the increased number of shots per second may have resulted in longer rest time in proportion to rally time. Moreover, increases in match duration (final eight, 53.3 ± 6.6 min; early rounds, 42.1 ± 3.6 min; P < 0.05) and number of shots per rally (final eight, 10.4 ± 1.2; early rounds, 8.7 ± 1.1; P < 0.05) in women’s singles were more prominent in the final eight rounds (quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals) than in the early rounds (rounds 1 and 2). The recent changes in characteristics of the world’s top-level badminton matches may account for the increased acute injuries that are frequently observed in elite women’s singles players. Thus, appropriate training programs are crucial to effectively improve performance and prevent injuries among elite badminton players

    Self-recognition of one's own fall recruits the genuine bodily crisis-related brain activity.

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    While bipedalism is a fundamental evolutionary adaptation thought to be essential for the development of the human brain, the erect body is always an inch or two away from falling. Although the neural mechanism for automatically detecting one's own body instability is an important consideration, there have thus far been few functional neuroimaging studies because of the restrictions placed on participants' movements. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural substrate underlying whole body instability, based on the self-recognition paradigm that uses video stimuli consisting of one's own and others' whole bodies depicted in stable and unstable states. Analyses revealed significant activity in the regions which would be activated during genuine unstable bodily states: The right parieto-insular vestibular cortex, inferior frontal junction, posterior insula and parabrachial nucleus. We argue that these right-lateralized cortical and brainstem regions mediate vestibular information processing for detection of vestibular anomalies, defensive motor responding in which the necessary motor responses are automatically prepared/simulated to protect one's own body, and sympathetic activity as a form of alarm response during whole body instability

    Brain activity in the DU vs. DS contrast for self and others.

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    <p><b>A:</b> Brain regions significantly activated for the Self DU vs. Self DS contrast, and the eigenvariate values (parameter estimates, mean ± standard error) in the spherical region of interest (ROI; radius, 5 mm) whose center was the peak voxel at each cluster showing significant activity in the above contrast, in each of the Self DU (S-DU) and Self DS (S-DS) comparisons. <b>B:</b> Brain regions significantly activated for the Others DU vs. Others DS contrast, and the eigenvariate values in the spherical ROI (radius, 5 mm) whose center was the peak voxel at each cluster showing significant activity in the above contrast, in each of the Others DU (O-DU) and Others DS (O-DS) comparisons. R: right, L: left, PMd: dorsal premotor area, PIVC: parieto-insular vestibular cortex, TPJ: temporo-parietal junction, IPL: inferior parietal lobe, aSMG: anterior supramarginal gyrus, EBA: extrastriate body area, SPL: superior parietal lobe.</p

    Subjective ratings of motion pattern (A) and emotion (B).

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    <p>There were significant main effects of conditions (DU, DS, and SS), and no significant main effects of performers. DU: dynamically unstable, DS: dynamically stable, SS: statically stable.</p

    Brain activity in the DU vs. DS contrast for self and others.

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    <p>Brain regions significantly activated for the Self DU vs. Self DS contrast (upper) and Others DU vs. Others DS contrast (lower).</p><p>BA: Brodmann area, MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute, PMd: dorsal premotor area, PIVC: parieto-insular vestibular cortex, TPJ: temporo-parietal junction, IPL: inferior parietal lobe, aSMG: anterior supramarginal gyrus, SPL: superior parietal lobe, EBA: extrastriate body area.</p><p>Brain activity in the DU vs. DS contrast for self and others.</p

    Self-specific brain activity in the DU vs. DS contrast.

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    <p>Brain regions which were significantly activated for the Self (DU vs. DS) vs. Others (DU vs. DS) contrast and whose averaged ROI eigenvariate for the Self (DU vs. DS) contrast was positive. The ROI eigenvariates including those for the Others (DU vs. DS) contrast are shown for illustration.</p><p>BA: Brodmann area, MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute, RLPFC: rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, PMv: ventral premotor area, IFJ: inferior frontal junction, pINS: posterior insula, PBN: parabrachial nucleus.</p><p>Self-specific brain activity in the DU vs. DS contrast.</p
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