Universal dark halo scaling relation for the dwarf spheroidal satellites

Motivated by a recently found interesting property of the dark halo surface density within a radius, $r_{\rm max}$, giving the maximum circular velocity, $V_{\rm max}$, we investigate it for dark halos of the Milky Way's and Andromeda's dwarf satellites based on cosmological simulations. We select and analyze the simulated subhalos associated with Milky Way-sized dark halos and find that the values of their surface densities, $\Sigma_{V_{\rm max}}$, are in good agreement with those for the observed dwarf spheroidal satellites even without employing any fitting procedures. This implies that this surface density would not be largely affected by any baryonic feedbacks and thus universal. Moreover, all subhalos on the small scales of dwarf satellites are expected to obey the relation $\Sigma_{V_{\rm max}}\propto V_{\rm max}$, irrespective of differences in their orbital evolutions, host halo properties, and observed redshifts. Therefore, we find that the universal scaling relation for dark halos on dwarf galaxy mass scales surely exists and provides us important clues to understanding fundamental properties of dark halos. We also investigate orbital and dynamical evolutions of subhalos to understand the origin of this universal dark halo relation and find that most of subhalos evolve generally along the $r_{\rm max}\propto V_{\rm max}$ sequence, even though these subhalos have undergone different histories of mass assembly and tidal stripping. This sequence, therefore, should be the key feature to understand the nature of the universality of $\Sigma_{V_{\rm max}}$.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures and 3 tables, submitted to Ap

Prevention of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis by Endoscopic Pancreatic Stenting after Insertion of Self-Expandable Metal Stent for Malignant Distal Biliary Stricture

The insertion of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) for nonpancreatic cancer is a factor predicting the risk of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). We evaluated the efficacy of endo-scopic pancreatic stenting (EPS) to prevent PEP after SEMS insertion in patients with malignant distal biliary stricture and without main pancreatic duct (MPD) obstruction. We performed a single-center, retrospective, historically controlled investigation to assess the outcomes of 33 consecutive patients who underwent SEMS insertion. From March 2013 to June 2015, 13 patients did not undergo EPS (Non-EPS group). The other 20 patients underwent EPS (EPS group) between July 2015 and August 2018. The background data demonstrated no significant differences. Except for one patient in the Non-EPS group, all patients underwent biliary sphinc-terotomy. The EPS group’s PEP incidence was significantly lower (n = 1, 5%) than that of the Non-EPS group (n = 4, 31%) (p = 0.04). The median serum amylase and lipase levels after the procedure were significantly lower in the EPS group than in the Non-EPS group (amylase: 104 vs. 262 U/L; p < 0.01, lipase: 102 vs. 666 U/L; p = 0.01). The use of EPS decreased the incidence of PEP after SEMS insertion in individuals with malignant distal biliary stricture and without MPD obstruction

Investigation of biomarkers in a rare case of fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis in a preterm infant

We encountered a very rare case of fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis (F-NEC) in a preterm male baby. The course of NEC and sepsis in this case was clearly different from the usual course. After onset at 14 days of life, catheter-related bloodstream infection was first assumed, and antibiotics and γ-globulin administration were started. However, 12 hours after onset, the baby's abdominal distension increased remarkably, and his entire abdominal wall turned red to purple. Escherichia coli were isolated from the blood culture, but the catheter tip culture was negative. Exchange transfusion was performed 32 hours after onset, but no significant changes were observed in the baby's general condition, and he died 46 hours after onset. The acute phase reactants of CRP and α1-acid glycoprotein increased, but haptoglobin did not. Although IL-1β and TNFα increased as expected with sepsis, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and G-CSF however increased to a greater extent than expected. From the above, we diagnosed the development of intestinal necrosis as a result of widespread intestinal ischemia, and that sepsis was associated with this poor condition

Wide-bandgap GaN-based watt-class photonic-crystal lasers

青色GaN系フォトニック結晶レーザーの高出力・高ビーム品質動作に成功 --次世代の高品位レーザー加工、高輝度照明、水中LiDAR等の実現に向けて--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-11-04.Short-wavelength (blue-violet-to-green) lasers with high power and high beam quality are required for various applications including the machining of difficult-to-process materials and high-brightness illuminations and displays. Promising light sources for such applications are wide-bandgap GaN-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), which are based on two-dimensional resonance in the photonic crystal. Developments of these devices have lagged behind those of longer-wavelength GaAs-based PCSELs, because device designs for achieving robust two-dimensional resonance and a nanofabrication process that avoids introducing disorders have remained elusive for wide-bandgap GaN-based materials. Here, we address these issues and successfully realize GaN-based PCSELs with high, watt-class (>1 W) output power and a circular, single-lobed beam with a very narrow (~0.2°) divergence angle at blue wavelengths. In addition, we demonstrate continuous-wave operation with a high output power (~320 mW) and a high beam quality (M²~1). Our results will enable the use of GaN-based PCSELs in the above-mentioned applications