Go-Around Noncompliance During Unstabilized Approaches and Landings in Commercial Aviation: A Human Factors Analysis

Informed by findings and recommendations from the Flight Safety Foundation’s Approach and Landing Accident Reduction Task Force, we examined and analyzed Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) incident report data from unstabilized approach and landing events. The aim of this study was to investigate the human factors reported as contributing to operational incidents of unstabilized approaches and landings in United States-based commercial aviation. Results showed the unstabilized approaches were significantly less likely to be responded to with go-around compliance. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed descriptive differences in the associations of the ASRS-coded human factors with the likelihood of unstabilized approaches being continued to landing rather than go-around compliance. Content analysis of flight crew incident report narratives may allow for identification of other contributory human factors not explicitly coded by ASRS, such as decision making. Results from such investigations have the potential to inform effective go-around compliance training designs

Beyond pain management: A primer for providing quality end-of-life care

Providing excellent care for a dying patient is something all patients deserve. Hospices and palliative care centers exist in many areas to aid primary care physicians and patients through this difficult time. It is important to remember that most patients want to prepare for death, if at all possible. Everyone does this in his or her own way, but oftentimes concern about pain and symptom management interfere with this very involved and valuable process. Being prepared to treat these symptoms as well as addressing your patient\u27s emotional needs is imperative. Referral to a hospice, if possible, will only strengthen the support available to the patient, the family, and you, the primary care physician. In the end, there is much that we have to offer a dying patient. Efforts should not stop because the illness cannot be cured. So much can happen to someone in the window of time between terminal diagnosis and death. Making this period one in which a person is as mentally clear, physically comfortable, and symptom free for as long as possible is a goal that is worthy of our efforts

Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Aim: To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study—a multi-site sample of 9–10 year-olds (n = 11,875)—and included perceived physical features via the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels. Results: PDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child\u27s weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample. Conclusions: Sociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes

Impact of Correlated and Uncorrelated Noise on Binocular Perception

Numerous studies have established advantages of binocular over monocular vision, including increased contrast sensitivity arising as a result of binocular summation. However, there remains inadequate understanding regarding several aspects of binocular summation. The present study sought greater understanding of factors potentially broadening, or limiting, the extent to which binocular summation explanations can be applied. In particular, binocular summation effects have not been adequately investigated within the context of external visual displays presenting dynamic noise. The present study investigated whether dichoptic viewing of a signal in uncorrelated visual noise conditions confers a perceptual advantage over that in correlated noise in visual detection and discrimination tasks. A repeated-measures design was utilized, manipulating noise type and level of noise correlation presented through a head-worn display device. The dynamic externally presented noise included characteristics resembling night vision goggle (NVG) noise, while levels of correlation emulated the physical image configuration of NVG device types (binocular and biocular). An adaptive 1-up/2-down staircase procedure was used to obtain contrast sensitivity threshold estimates. Results did not adhere to established binocular summation model predictions, and differences were inconclusive of any perceptual advantage in uncorrelated noise conditions. Discussion addresses potential limiting factors to the study results

NASA Nextgen Flightdeck Research: A Database of Research Areas and Results

This article contains an introduction to a database created to capture important NASA or NASA-sponsored research related to NextGen flightdeck issues and operations. Documents are products of NASA’s Airspace and Aviation Safety Program efforts to identify and resolve flightdeck human factors issues in NextGen, challenges to efficient operations, key areas in which technological advances are predicted to facilitate NextGen operations, research findings that can be used to develop NextGen procedures, and the potential impacts of off-nominal events

Corporealities : Dancing Knowledge, Culture and Power

"The contributors look at bodies engaged in practices as varied as pageantry, physical education, festivals and exhibitions, tourism, and social and theatrical dance. Thy succeed in bringing these bodies to life with all the political, gendered, racial and aesthetic resonances of which bodily motion is capable. Dance is used in this volume as a theoretical framework to assist the reader in understanding the body's permanent transience, and in the task of transposing its movements into words and its choregraphy into theory. " -- p. [4] of cover