Regiospecific Profiles of Fatty Acids in Triacylglycerols and Phospholipids from Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis)

Regiospecific distributions of fatty acids (FA) of triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) isolated from five cultivars of adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) were investigated. The lipids comprised mainly PL (72.2-73.4 wt-%) and TAG (20.6-21.9 wt-%), whilst other components were detected in minor proportions (0.1-3.4 wt-%). The principal profiles of the FA distribution in the TAG and PL were evident in the beans among the five cultivars: unsaturated FA were predominantly distributed in the sn-2 position, whilst saturated FA primarily occupied the sn-1 or the sn-3 position in the these lipids. The results would be useful information to both producers and consumers for manufacturing traditional adzuki confectionaries such as wagashi in Japan

Novel function of HATs and HDACs in homologous recombination through acetylation of human RAD52 at double-strand break sites

The p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases are recruited to DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites where they induce histone acetylation, thereby influencing the chromatin structure and DNA repair process. Whether p300/CBP at DSB sites also acetylate non-histone proteins, and how their acetylation affects DSB repair, remain unknown. Here we show that p300/CBP acetylate RAD52, a human homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair protein, at DSB sites. Using in vitro acetylated RAD52, we identified 13 potential acetylation sites in RAD52 by a mass spectrometry analysis. An immunofluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that RAD52 acetylation at DSBs sites is counteracted by SIRT2- and SIRT3-mediated deacetylation, and that non-acetylated RAD52 initially accumulates at DSB sites, but dissociates prematurely from them. In the absence of RAD52 acetylation, RAD51, which plays a central role in HR, also dissociates prematurely from DSB sites, and hence HR is impaired. Furthermore, inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein by siRNA or inhibitor treatment demonstrated that the acetylation of RAD52 at DSB sites is dependent on the ATM protein kinase activity, through the formation of RAD52, p300/CBP, SIRT2, and SIRT3 foci at DSB sites. Our findings clarify the importance of RAD52 acetylation in HR and its underlying mechanism

Variation in Fatty Acid Distribution of Different Acyl Lipids in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Brans

The lipids extracted from rice brans were classified by thin-layer chromatography into eight fractions, and their fatty acid (FA) compositions were investigated among five different Japanese cultivars. The lipids of these rice brans comprised mainly triacylglycerols (TAG; 84.9–86.0 wt%), free FA (4.2–4.6 wt%), and phospholipids (PL; 6.5–6.7 wt%), whilst other components were also detected in minor proportions (0.2–2.1 wt%). The PL components included phosphatidyl choline (43.3–46.8 wt%) phosphatidyl ethanolamine (25.0–27.3 wt%) and phosphatidyl inositol (20.2–23.2 wt%). Comparison of the different cultivars showed, with a few exceptions, no substantial difference (P > 0.05) in FA distribution. FA distribution of TAG among the five cultivars was characterized as: unsaturated FA predominantly concentrated at the sn-2 position and saturated FA primarily occupying the sn-1 or sn-3 position in these lipids. These results suggest that the rice bran lipids may be well incorporated into our daily diet to improve nutritional value of the Japanese diet

A comprehensive intervention following the clinical pathway of eating and swallowing disorder in the elderly with dementia: historically controlled study

Abstract Background Eating problems in patients with advanced dementia are strongly associated with their deteriorating survival. Food and drink intake in people with dementia may be supported by specific interventions, but the effectiveness of such interventions is backed by almost no evidence. However, comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) might potentially clarify the etiology of decreased oral intake in people with dementia; thus improving their clinical outcomes. Methods This study was a single-arm, non-randomized trial that included historically controlled patients for comparison. We defined elderly patients with both severely decreased oral intake depending on artificial hydration and/or nutrition (AHN) and dementia as “Eating and Swallowing Disorder of the Elderly with Dementia (ESDED)”. In the intervention group, participants received CGA through the original clinical pathway with multidisciplinary interventions. This was followed by individualized therapeutic interventions according to assessment of the etiology of their eating problems. Results During the intervention period (between 1st April 2013 and 31st March 2015), 102 cases of ESDED were enrolled in the study and 90 patients had completed receiving CGA. Conversely, 124 ESDED patient controls were selected from the same hospital enrolled during the historical period (between 1st April 2011 and 31st March 2012). Most participants in both groups were bedridden with severe cognitive impairment. For the intervention group, an average of 4.3 interventional strategies was recommended per participant after CGA. Serological tests, diagnostic imaging and other diagnostic examinations were much more frequently performed in the intervention group. Recovery rate from ESDED in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the historical group (51% v.s. 34%, respectively, P = 0.02). The 1-year AHN-free survival in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the historical group (28% v.s. 15%, respectively, P = 0.01). No significant difference between the two groups was found for 1-year overall survival (37% v.s. 28%, respectively, P = 0.08). Conclusions Use of CGA with multidisciplinary interventions could improve the functional status of eating and allow elderly patients with severe eating problems and dementia to survive independently without the need for AHN. Trial registration ISRCTN57646445 , this trial was retrospectively registered on 8th December 2015

多菌種バイオフィルムモデルにて示された、第四級アンモニウム塩を含有する新規シランカップリング剤の抗菌活性

新規な第四級アンモニウムシランカップリング剤であるヨウ化N-アリル-N-デシル-N-メチル-N-トリメトキシシリルプロピルアンモニウム(10-I)が多菌種バイオフィルムモデルに対して発揮する抗菌活性を調べる実験を施行した。上記モデルにおけるバイオフィルム形成初期を実験系に用いることで、口腔内プラーク様のバイオフィルムが固相表面に形成される状況を模倣させた。カバーグラスを濃度800ppmの10-I溶液に1時間浸漬して表面修飾処理を行い、上記のバイオフィルムを形成させた。コロニー形成単位(CFU)を計数した結果、10-I処理を行った群では対照群に対してCFUが80%減少したことから、10-Iが強い抗菌活性を有することが実証された。10-Iによる表面修飾処理は、常在菌に関連する歯科疾患のみならず誤嚥性肺炎などの全身合併症を予防低減する効果的な方法となることが当結果から示唆された。新規な第四級アンモニウムシランカップリング剤であるヨウ化N-アリル-N-デシル-N-メチル-N-トリメトキシシリルプロピルアンモニウム(10-I)が多菌種バイオフィルムモデルに対して発揮する抗菌活性を調べる実験を施行した。上記モデルにおけるバイオフィルム形成初期を実験系に用いることで、口腔内プラーク様のバイオフィルムが固相表面に形成される状況を模倣させた。カバーグラスを濃度800ppmの10-I溶液に1時間浸漬して表面修飾処理を行い、上記のバイオフィルムを形成させた。コロニー形成単位(CFU)を計数した結果、10-I処理を行った群では対照群に対してCFUが80%減少したことから、10-Iが強い抗菌活性を有することが実証された。10-Iによる表面修飾処理は、常在菌に関連する歯科疾患のみならず誤嚥性肺炎などの全身合併症を予防低減する効果的な方法となることが当結果から示唆された

Additional File 1:

Fig. S1. The prescribed CGA form. The prescribed form was completed with many findings from each ESAT professional within the initial 2 days. These information and data were shared among all ESAT members and proved useful for discussion to determine the etiology of ESDED. ACE, Angiotensin converting enzyme; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; CTR, Cardio thoracic ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; FAST, Functional assessment staging; HDS-R, Hasegawa dementia rating scale - revised; L-DOPA, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; MMSE, Mini–mental state examination; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging; MWST, Modified water swallowing test; NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OT, Occupational therapist; PPIs, Proton pump inhibitors; PT, Physical therapist; PVH, Periventricular hyperintensity; RSST, Repetitive saliva swallowing test; ST, Speech therapist; T-Cho, Total cholesterol; TSH, Thyroid stimulating hormone; WBC, White blood cells Fig. S2. Interventional strategies suggested by the ESAT. Interventional strategies were recommended in addition to already performed medical care, supportive care, and rehabilitation. The patterns of suggestions varied widely; only three patterns were plural (pattern number 42, 72, 78) and all others were singular. This means that the interventions based on this study were well individualized. The pattern number does not equate to the participants’ ID or sequence of enrollment in this study. a The description “medication for swallowing disorder” means both starting a medicine and stopping a medicine. The former was expected to positively affect swallowing, while the later was expected to disturb swallowing. ADL, Activities of daily living; AHN, Artificial hydration and/or nutrition; OT, Occupational therapist; PT, Physical therapist; ST, Speech therapist. (PPTX 165 kb