The great divide between business schools research and business practice

  In their 2005 Harvard Business Review article, Bennis and O’Toole described business schools as being “on the wrong track” as a result of their focus on so-called scientific research. Some commentators argue that business schools have slowly lost their relevance since the end of the 1950s when they undertook a major overhaul in response to the harsh criticism of the Ford and the Carnegie Foundations on the state of theory and research in business administration. Inspired by Khurana’s (2007) book on the development of American business schools, this article describes the debate on the relevance of scientific business research that can be found in the popular business press and the academic literature, and suggests a number of structural and cultural changes to increase the relevance of business research and its impact on practice.  Dans leur article publié en 2005 dans la Harvard Business Review, Bennis et O’Toole décrivaient les écoles de gestion comme étant « sur la mauvaise voie » en raison de l’importance qu’elles accordent à la recherche soi-disant scientifique. Certains observateurs soutiennent que les écoles de gestion ont lentement perdu leur pertinence depuis la fin des années 1950 alors qu’elles ont entrepris d’importants remaniements en réponse aux critiques sévères formulées par les fondations Ford et Carnegie quant à la théorie et à la recherche en administration des affaires. Inspiré par le livre de Khurana (2007) sur le développement des écoles de gestion américaines, cet article dépeint le débat sur la pertinence de la recherche scientifique en gestion qui fait rage dans la presse d’affaires et la littérature académique, et suggère des changements structurels et culturels qui pourraient améliorer la pertinence de la recherche en gestion et ses effets sur la pratique

Chemical And Physical Characteristics Of Shallow Ground Waters In Northern Michigan Bogs, Swamps, And Fens

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141864/1/ajb213368.pd

A Focus on Engagement: Defining, Measuring, and Nurturing a Key Pillar of AACSB Standards

The 2013 Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) Standards emphasize three “pillars” upon which schools accredited by the association must regularly demonstrate quality improvement, namely, impact, innovation, and engagement. Focusing on the last of these, our article examines the concept of engagement through both a content analysis of the 2013 AACSB Standards and an empirical study exploring different types of course-level engagement within an undergraduate business course (measured using the Student Course Engagement Questionnaire; Handelsman, Briggs, Sullivan, & Towler, 2005). The results of our content analysis of the 2013 AACSB Standards underscore the focus placed on engagement within the AACSB documentation. However, it is also noted that the definition of engagement within the AACSB Standards is somewhat vague. The findings of our empirical study (N = 142) suggest that students were engaged in the course and that three of the four types of engagement measured (skills, participation/interaction, and performance engagement) were positively correlated with final performance in the course

Effect of Quorum Sensing by Staphylococcus epidermidis on the Attraction Response of Female Adult Yellow Fever Mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), to a Blood-Feeding Source

Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of yellow fever and dengue fever, is responsible for more than 30,000 deaths annually. Compounds such as carbon dioxide, amino acids, fatty acids and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been widely studied for their role in attracting Ae. aegypti to hosts. Many VOCs from humans are produced by associated skin microbiota. Staphyloccocus epidermidis, although not the most abundant bacteria according to surveys of relative 16S ribosomal RNA abundance, commonly occurs on human skin. Bacteria demonstrate population level decision-making through quorum sensing. Many quorum sensing molecules, such as indole, volatilize and become part of the host odor plum. To date, no one has directly demonstrated the link between quorum sensing (i.e., decision-making) by bacteria associated with a host as a factor regulating arthropod vector attraction. This study examined this specific question with regards to S. epidermidis and Ae. aegypti. Pairwise tests were conducted to examine the response of female Ae. aegypti to combinations of tryptic soy broth (TSB) and S. epidermidis wildtype and agr- strains. The agr gene expresses an accessory gene regulator for quorum sensing; therefore, removing this gene inhibits quorum sensing of the bacteria. Differential attractiveness of mosquitoes to the wildtype and agr- strains was observed. Both wildtype and the agr- strain of S. epidermidis with TSB were marginally more attractive to Ae. aegypti than the TSB alone. Most interestingly, the blood-feeder treated with wildtype S. epidermidis/TSB attracted 74% of Ae. aegypti compared to the agr- strain of S. epidermidis/TSB (P ≤ 0.0001). This study is the first to suggest a role for interkingdom communication between host symbiotic bacteria and mosquitoes. This may have implications for mosquito decision-making with regards to host detection, location and acceptance. We speculate that mosquitoes "eavesdrop" on the chemical discussions occurring between host-associated microbes to determine suitability for blood feeding. We believe these data suggest that manipulating quorum sensing by bacteria could serve as a novel approach for reducing mosquito attraction to hosts, or possibly enhancing the trapping of adults at favored oviposition sites

Mean number (A) and (B) percent of 5-8-d-old adult female <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> mosquito attraction per minute ± SEM to blood-feeders treated with TSB or <i>agr- S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i>/TSB located on the right and left sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min trials (N¹ = 4; n² = 50) at approximately 25°C and 80% RH.

<p>¹number of trials conducted; ²number of mosquitoes used in a trial.</p

Repeated G test of goodness-of-fit test, percent response per trial, and mean percent ± SEM across trials of the response of 5-8-d old <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> (N¹ = 4; n² = 50) adult female attraction to blood-feeders located on opposite sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min experiments at 25°C and 80% RH and treated with wildtype <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i>/TSB or <i>agr-</i> mutant <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i>/TSB.

<p>¹number of trials conducted</p><p>²number of mosquitoes used in a trial</p><p>^aTotal number of mosquitoes to respond</p><p>Repeated G test of goodness-of-fit test, percent response per trial, and mean percent ± SEM across trials of the response of 5-8-d old <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> (N<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143950#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> = 4; n<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143950#t004fn002" target="_blank">²</a> = 50) adult female attraction to blood-feeders located on opposite sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min experiments at 25°C and 80% RH and treated with wildtype <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i>/TSB or <i>agr-</i> mutant <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i>/TSB.</p

Mean number (A) and (B) percent of 5-8-d-old adult female <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> mosquito attracted ± SEM to blood-feeders treated with wildtype or <i>agr- S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i>/TSB located on the right and left sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min trials (N¹ = 4; n² = 50) at approximately 25°C and 80% RH.

<p>¹number of trials conducted; ²number of mosquitoes used in a trial.</p

Mean number (A) and (B) percent of 5-8-d-old adult female <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> mosquito attracted per minute ± SEM to blood-feeders treated with TSB or wildtype <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis</i>/TSB located on the right and left sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min trials (N¹ = 3; n² = 50) at approximately 25°C and 80% RH.

<p>¹number of trials conducted; ²number of mosquitoes used in a trial.</p

Mean number (A) and (B) percent of 5-8-d-old adult female <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> mosquitos attracted per minute ± SEM to blood-feeders treated with TSB located on the right and left sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min trials (N¹ = 4; n² = 50) at approximately 25°C and 80% RH.

<p>¹number of trials conducted; ²number of mosquitoes used in a trial.</p

Repeated G test of goodness-of-fit test, percent response per trial, and mean percent ± SEM across trials of the response of 5-8-d old <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> (N¹ = 4; n² = 50) adult female attraction to blood-feeders located on opposite sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min experiments at 25°C and 80% RH and treated with <i>agr-</i> mutant <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis/</i>TSB or solely TSB.

<p>¹number of trials conducted</p><p>²number of mosquitoes used in a trial</p><p>^aTotal number of mosquitoes to respond</p><p>Repeated G test of goodness-of-fit test, percent response per trial, and mean percent ± SEM across trials of the response of 5-8-d old <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> (N<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143950#t003fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> = 4; n<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143950#t003fn002" target="_blank">²</a> = 50) adult female attraction to blood-feeders located on opposite sides of the top of a 82 cm x 45 cm x 52 cm Plexiglas cage during 15-min experiments at 25°C and 80% RH and treated with <i>agr-</i> mutant <i>S</i>. <i>epidermidis/</i>TSB or solely TSB.</p