Signalling, cell cycle and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells

International audienc

Bone Marrow Stem Cell Derived Paracrine Factors for Regenerative Medicine: Current Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential

During the past several years, there has been intense research in the field of bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) therapy to facilitate its translation into clinical setting. Although a lot has been accomplished, plenty of challenges lie ahead. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence showing that administration of BMSC-derived conditioned media (BMSC-CM) can recapitulate the beneficial effects observed after stem cell therapy. BMSCs produce a wide range of cytokines and chemokines that have, until now, shown extensive therapeutic potential. These paracrine mechanisms could be as diverse as stimulating receptor-mediated survival pathways, inducing stem cell homing and differentiation or regulating the anti-inflammatory effects in wounded areas. The current review reflects the rapid shift of interest from BMSC to BMSC-CM to alleviate many logistical and technical issues regarding cell therapy and evaluates its future potential as an effective regenerative therapy

Bone Marrow Stem Cell Derived Paracrine Factors for Regenerative Medicine: Current Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential

During the past several years, there has been intense research in the field of bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) therapy to facilitate its translation into clinical setting. Although a lot has been accomplished, plenty of challenges lie ahead. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence showing that administration of BMSC-derived conditioned media (BMSC-CM) can recapitulate the beneficial effects observed after stem cell therapy. BMSCs produce a wide range of cytokines and chemokines that have, until now, shown extensive therapeutic potential. These paracrine mechanisms could be as diverse as stimulating receptor-mediated survival pathways, inducing stem cell homing and differentiation or regulating the anti-inflammatory effects in wounded areas. The current review reflects the rapid shift of interest from BMSC to BMSC-CM to alleviate many logistical and technical issues regarding cell therapy and evaluates its future potential as an effective regenerative therapy

Phenotypic Characterisation of Bovine Alveolar Macrophages Reveals Two Major Subsets with Differential Expression of CD163

Bovine alveolar macrophages (AMs) defend the lungs against pathogens such as Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. However, little is known about the surface molecules expressed by bovine AMs and whether there is heterogeneity within the population. The purpose of this study was to characterise the bovine AM cell surface phenotype using flow cytometry. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from four different calves were stained with a combination of antibodies against immune cell molecules prior to flow cytometric analysis. To assess the degree of expression, we considered the distribution and relative intensities of stained and unstained cells. We demonstrated that bovine AMs have high expression of CD172a, ADGRE1, CD206, and CD14, moderate expression of CD80, MHC II, CD1b, and CD40, low expression of CX3CR1 and CD86, and little or no expression of CD16 and CD26. Two distinct subsets of bovine AMs were identified based on CD163 expression. Subsequent analysis showed that the CD163+ subset had greater expression of other typical macrophage molecules compared to the CD163- subset, suggesting that these cells may perform different roles during infection. The characterisation of the uninfected bovine AM phenotype will provide a foundation for the examination of M. bovis-infected AMs

The mammary factor MPBF is a prolactin-induced transcriptional regulator which binds to STAT factor recognition sites

AbstractSite-directed mutagenesis of the three binding sites for the mammary factor MPBF in the β-lactoglobulin (BLG) promoter demonstrates that MPBF is a transcriptional activator of the BLG gene in mammary cells. MPBF requires phosphorylation on tyrosine for maximum binding activity and binds to GAS (interferon γ-activation site) elements which are similar to the MPBF binding sites. Prolactin induces MPBF binding activity in CHO cells and is not antigenically related to Stat1 (p91) and Stat2 (p113), suggesting that this transcription factor is likely to be another member of the STAT family of cytokine/growth factor-induced transcription factors