First record of Cyclanorbis senegalensis for Ethiopia_Supporting_Information

Materials and Methods (Sampling and laboratory procedures, Phylogenetic analyses), including Tables S1-S

Literature sources of locality records from Terrestrial reproduction as an adaptation to steep terrain in African toads

Publications used for extracting additional, non-digitized locality records of African Bufonida

Detailed method for phylogenetic reconstruction from Terrestrial reproduction as an adaptation to steep terrain in African toads

Text detailing the molecular procedures undertaken to amplify genetic markers (including primer sequences and PCR conditions) and the bioinformatics workflow for generating alignments and performing phylogenetic reconstructions. Information on fossil calibration points is also given and a table of all sequences with GenBank Accession numbers used in this study

Phylogeny and distribution of reproductive modes from Terrestrial reproduction as an adaptation to steep terrain in African toads

Most Credible Clade phylogeny for Bufonidae recovered from time-calibrated Bayesian MCMC tree searches using BEAST under a birth-death uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model. The two African clades are indicated (Clade A and B), and colours of tip labels refer to reproductive modes practiced. Pie charts on internal nodes of Clade A show posterior probabilities of node states for these same reproductive modes derived from stochastic character mapping (SCM)

Number of species displayed in a cumulative way.

<p>Dots represent the years with species descriptions. Dashed lines divide the graph into intervals of 20 years. The last dot includes the species in the process of being described.</p

Percentage of the species’ distribution area included within a protected area.

<p>Dashed lines indicate the conservation target of 17% and 12% of the total species’ distribution area within a protected area. (A) The extent of species occurrence was defined using the presence-absence in every pixel of 1 km x 1 km. (B) The extent of species occurrence was defined using a minimum convex polygon (MCP) of the observations filtered by the species’ average altitude.</p

Map of protected areas of Oman.

<p>Topographical map of Oman showing the distribution, limits and names of the 22 protected areas. Information provided by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs of Oman.</p

Physical map of Oman.

<p>Map of Oman showing topographical relief and names of the most relevant toponyms mentioned in this study.</p

Maps of species richness.

<p>(A) Species richness by governorate; (B) species richness by grids of 10 arc-minutes of latitude and longitude.</p

Map of Oman indicating the sampling effort.

<p>Grids of 10 arc-minutes (~18km) with observations (red dot). Empty grid cells are either due to no observation or no sampling.</p