43 research outputs found
The influence silicon dioxide nanoparticles on mechanical properties of erythrocyte and platelet membranes estimated by atomic force microscopy method
The investigation performed within the Programs of State Research βEnergy systems, process and technologiesβ, project 2.2
Nanostructured Coatings Based on LangmuirβBlodgett Films of Perfluorodecanoic Acid for Flexible Sensors for the Analysis of Lead Ions in Water
As a result of anthropogenic activities, the environment is polluted by heavy metals. The most important task is to find methods to control their content in water. Track-etched membranes (TeMs) can be relatively easily modified by nanometer layers of functional materials with using the LangmuirβBlodgett technique, which makes it possible to specifically change the structural, selective properties of the membrane surface and obtain new materials with desired properties. The aim of the work was to develop flexible sensors for the analysis of lead ions in water based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) TeMs with perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) nanolayers. Techniques for modifying TeMs based on PET with a monolayer coating based on PFDA by the LangmuirβBlodgett method, and with two-layer coatings, formed by soaking PET TeMs/PFDA in xylenol orange solutions have been developed. The microstructure and local mechanical properties of the sensor surface were studied by atomic force microscopy, and the wettability and values of the specific surface energy of PET TeMs before and after modification were evaluated using the ''sessile'' drop method. Based on the measurement of electrochemical characteristics, it was found that PET TeMs/PFDA have a higher response of electrochemical characteristics compared to PET TeMs and PET TeMs/PFDA/XO. The limit of detection for lead ions in aqueous solutions at pH = 12 was of 0.652 ΞΌg/l within 5 measurements
Π’ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
A technique for the formation of gelatin thin films and composite coatings with silicon dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles by spin coating has been developed. New data of the morphology and structural characteristics of the formed gelatin and nanocomposite films were obtained by atomic force microscopy. The dependences of the roughness parameters of composite coatings on the content of silicon dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in the polymer matrix are presented. It has been shown that the introduction of inorganic nanoparticles into the gelatin structure makes it possible to form nanocomposites with a rough surface. It has been established that the silicon dioxide nanoparticles incorporation leads to hydrophobization of the surface of polymer-inorganic films based on gelatin. Modification with zinc oxide nanoparticles (up to 8 mg per 1 mg of gelatin) improves the wettability of nanocomposite coatings with water.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½-ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° (Π΄ΠΎ 8 ΠΌΠ³ Π½Π° 1 ΠΌΠ³ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΡ-ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Β«Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Β»
The technique of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (PETF TMs) modification to increase of water-in-oil emulsions separations is developed. The water-in-oil emulsions separations by using PETF TMs with regular pore geometry and pore sizes 200 and 350 nm is described in the article. PETF TMs were modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane by spin-coating method to increase their hydrophobic properties. The results of changes in the pore diameters and the contact angle after PETF TMs modification are presented. The obtained samples were characterized by AFM, SEM and gas permeability test. Chloroformβwater and n-hexadecaneβwater emulsions have been used as a test liquid for water-in-oil emulsions separations. At an operating vacuum of 700 mbar, the specific filtration performance of chloroform: water emulsions were 51.5 and 932.0 l/(m2 β
h), hexadecane: water were 46.1 and 203.4 l/(m2 β
h) for PETF-200 / OTS and PETF-350 / OTS, respectively. The degree of purification of emulsions by modified membranes according to the refractive index is of 100 %. Obtained membranes can be used to separate oil-water emulsions in order to prevent the corrosion of pipelines and changes of crude oil viscosity, as well as the treatment of water purification from oil industry waste.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
) ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ (ΠΠΠ’Π€ Π’Π) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Β«Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Β» Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ’Π€ Π’Π Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ 200 ΠΈ 350 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½-ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ’Π€ Π’Π. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½. ΠΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌβΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π½-Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½βΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Β«Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Β». ΠΡΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ΅ 700 ΠΌΠ±Π°Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌ : Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ 51,5 ΠΈ 932,0 Π»/(ΠΌ2β
Ρ), Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ : Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° β 46,1 ΠΈ 203,4 Π»/(ΠΌ2β
Ρ) Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ’Π€-200/ΠΠ’Π‘ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ’Π€-350/ΠΠ’Π‘ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 100 %. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
The plasma of the atmospheric barrier discharge (PBR) is used to treat various types of diseases and damage to the skin and soft tissues; however, the mechanism of interaction of PBR with biological material has not been precisely established to date. One of the promising methods for estimation changes in the structure and properties of cell membranes at the nanoscale is atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this article the results of the influence of the barrier discharge low-temperature plasma on the structure and properties of erythrocytes and platelets are presented. By the AFM-method, the shape, morphology of membranes, and adhesive forces on the surface of the cells were determined, which is one of the characteristic parameters for assessing changes occurring at the molecular level with the cell membrane. In this work, we used an experimental complex for generating a low-temperature plasma of a dielectric barrier discharge based on a coaxial type device and an adjustable source power from 10 to 30 W. A change in the structure of the erythrocyte membranes without changing the shape of the cells themselves was established. On the non-fixed erythrocytes, the adhesion force is increased after exposure. On the surface of both erythrocytes and platelets, the presence of particles of submicron size was established, which may be due to the release of cell contents or the destructive effect of plasma on the proteins of the outer layer of the membrane. The cells, which are fixed with a 0.5-mm solution of glutaraldehyde on mica substrates, both retain their disk-like shape and membrane structure, which may be due to the formation of covalent cross-links between membrane lipids and glutaraldehyde, and residual liquid content in the cell volume after interaction with a chemical reagent. Red blood cells are more resistant to short-term exposure to PBR (1 minute) compared with platelets. The results of the studies can be used to establish patterns and the biochemical processes under the influence of PBR on blood cells.ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ° Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° (ΠΠΠ ) ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ (ΠΠ‘Π). Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ‘Π-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ 10 Π΄ΠΎ 30 ΠΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ . ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π€ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ 0,5%-Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ (1 ΠΌΠΈΠ½) ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ° Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
The nanocomposite polymer β inorganic materials formation, the study of their morphology and mechanical properties at the nanolevel is acute in the development of new materials for various functional purposes, including medical ones. As a result of the research the technique for producing singleand multilayer films of polyvinyl alcohol and composite polymer coatings with aluminum oxide nanoparticles by the spin coating method has been developed. It is shown that the optimal mass content of aluminum oxide nanoparticles in suspension for the formation of uniform composite coatings is 0.625 %. Based on experimental data on the structuralmorphological and mechanical properties of the formed coatings obtained by atomic force microscopy, it has been found that an increase in the number of layers of composite coatings leads to an increase in the number of conglomerates which, in turn, increases the surface roughness of the films. The modulus of elasticity of single-layer films of polyvinyl alcohol is (509.5 Β± 10 %) MPa. In the case of composite coatings with aluminum oxide nanoparticles, changes in the elastic modulus have been established for multilayer coatings: an increase to 559.0 MPa (5 layers) and a decrease to 415.2 MPa (10Β layers). The modulus of elasticity of the investigated single-layer coatings is significantly reduced in the range of 20β40 ΒΊΠ‘. The smallest values after exposure to temperatures have been determined for films with nanoparticles (236.2 Β± 10 %) MPa. Nanocomposites demonstrate an increase in the contact angle with an increase in the number of layers of composite coatings up to 20. A subsequent increase in the thickness of the coatings (the number of layers) leads to an increase in the hydrophilicity of the nanocomposites. The developed compositions of nanocomposite films are promising as sorption coatings.Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π½Π° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½-ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 0,625 %. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ (509,5 Β± 10 %) ΠΠΠ°. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ: ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 559,0 ΠΠΠ° (5 ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π²) ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 415,2 ΠΠΠ° (10 ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π²). ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 20β40 ΒΊΠ‘. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (236,2 Β± 10 %) ΠΠΠ°. ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 20. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π²) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ