6 research outputs found
Food meanings in HIV and AIDS caregiving trajectories: Ritual, optimism and anguish among caregivers in Lesotho
The article describes the caregiving responsibility to provide food for chronically ill family members and the meanings attached to food and eating when ill created stress for family caregivers. The results come from a qualitative phenomenological study using in-depth interviews with 21 family caregivers of chronically ill HIV and AIDS patients in one district in Lesotho. Analysis of the interview data showed that the caregivers attached profound meanings to food and feeding care recipients. Their perceptions about food as part of family life and caring, the role of food and eating in curbing disease progression, the link between food and medical efficacy and the link between food and life led to ritualised behaviour around food, and moments of optimism and anguish in caregiving. Patientsā behaviour in relation to food was in most instances inconsistent with the caregiversā goals, thus leading this aspect of caregiving to induce stress. Services intended to support home-based caregivers and patients could contribute to the reduction of stress associated with food through suitably tailored food assistance and professional support to caregivers to enhance their competences and understanding of the dynamics of food intake as AIDS progressed
Climate Change to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Expanding the spectral Ā¹ā“COā database for non-AMS Field Measurement Systems
<p>Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is well known and universally employed for radiocarbon analysis but is not adaptable to in-situ field measurements limiting applications. <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>is a key tracer for fossil fuel CO<sub>2 </sub>as well as for release of enriched <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>characteristic of the nuclear fuel cycle with ā<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>values ranging from -1000 to ā¼+500 per mil. However, to exploit the full value of in situ <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>data in diverse climate change and nuclear fuel cycle applications, high data rate temporal and spatial field measurement sensors and systems are required. The development of non-AMS methods based on quantum cascade laser, cavity ring down and optogalvanic spectroscopy are emerging applications but not fully developed for field use or widely accepted. Spectral data for lasing transitions for <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>are lacking in contrast to HITRANĀ data available forĀ <sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>(626)Ā and <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>(636) (among other isotopologues 628, 638, etc.) in the spectral databases limiting development and innovation in non-AMS <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>sensors and systems. We review the corpus of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>spectral data available in the literature and document grating tuned isotopic lasers (e.g., Freed 1990<sup>1</sup>; Bradley et al., 1986<sup>2</sup>), well suited for expanded spectral studies of <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>and inclusion in the HITRAN database. Non-AMS <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>approaches are reviewed with suggestions for future work to support field systems for <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>measurements. Available isotopic lasers for <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>collaborative studies are described.</p