43 research outputs found
The Physiological Roles of Leptin in Skin Wound Healing
Leptin, a 16 kDa circulating anti-obesity hormone, has many physiological properties such as body weight homeostasis, lipid metabolism, hematopoiesis, thermogenesis, ovarian function, bone formation, and angiogenesis. Interestingly, a certain study showed that skin wound healing delayed in leptin deficient ob/ob mice. However, little has been known about the physiological role of leptin in skin wound healing. In this chapter, we introduce whether local and single-dose administration of leptin exerted a promotive influence on the skin wound healing. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that leptin receptor was expressed in mouse epidermal cells. In addition, topical administration of leptin promoted the healing of chemical burn wounds created on the back skin of mice without any side effects. Then, the mechanisms of the promotive effect of leptin on the wound healing of the skin were demonstrated immunohistochemical and biological analysis; namely, leptin stimulated angiogenesis in the connective tissue beneath the wounded area and the cell proliferation, differentiation/function, and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes. These findings revealed the possible and promising usefulness of leptin as a new wound-healing promoting agent
マスピン ワ センザイガタ TGF-β ノ チクセキ オ カイシテ コツキシツ ノ セイジュク ニ カンヨ シテ イル
Introduction: Maspin is a serine protease inhibitor that exhibits tumor suppressive and anti-angiogenic activities. This study was performed to elucidate a possible role for maspin in bone formation.
Materials and Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of maspin during endochondral ossification. We evaluated the expression of maspin mRNA and protein in ROS 17/2.8 cells and primary rat osteoblastic cells by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. We also examined the accumulation of TGF-β in the extracellular matrix of cultured ROS 17/2.8 cells following transfection with vectors expressing either maspin or maspin antisense.
Results: We observed expression of maspin by active osteoblasts in vivo. Rat osteoblastic cells also expressed maspin mRNA and protein in vitro. Moreover, the accumulation of latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix significantly decreased in cultures exposed to an anti-maspin antibody and when cells were transfected with a maspin antisense-expressing vector. In contrast, accumulation of latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix increased following transfection of cells with a vector expressing maspin.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that maspin expressed in active osteoblasts plays an important physiological role during maturation of the bone matrix, and in particular during the process of accumulation of latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix
A New Induction Method for the Controlled Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Frozen Sections
Considering that every tissue/organ has the most suitable microenvironment for its functional cells, controlling induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation by culture on frozen sections having a suitable microenvironment is possible. Induced PSCs were cultured on frozen sections of the liver, the brain, the spinal cord, and cover glasses (control) for 9 days. The iPSCs cultured on the sections of the liver resembled hepatocytes, whereas those on sections of the brain and the spinal cord resembled neuronal cells. The percentage of hepatocytic marker-positive cells in the iPSCs cultured on the sections of the liver was statistically higher than that of those in the iPSCs cultured on the sections of the brain and the spinal cord or on cover glasses. In contrast, the iPSCs cultured on the sections of the brain and the spinal cord revealed a high percentage of neural marker-positive cells. Thus, iPSCs can be differentiated into a specific cell lineage in response to specific factors within frozen sections of tissues/organs. Differentiation efficacy of the frozen sections markedly differed between the iPSC clones. Therefore, our induction method could be simple and effective for evaluating the iPSC quality
コウカセイ エシセイ ジュウカクエン オ ハッショウ シタ カガク チシ シュウイエン ノ 1レイ
We present a case of pericoronitis of lower wisdom tooth leading to descending necrotizing mediastinitis. A 52-year-old man visited our hospital because of swelling and pain in buccal region on the right side in spite of chemotherapeutics at a practicing physician, whose diabetic nephropathy had been treated with dialysis treatment by the same physician. Orthopantomography elucidated an impacted wisdom tooth of the right side mandible and osteosclerosis around there. CT revealed inflammatory thickening of subcutaneous fat tissue from buccal to cervical region. In the blood examination, the values of WBCs, RBCs, platelets, CRP, AST, LDH, TG, BUN, creatinine, GLU, K and Ca increased abnormally, while those of hemoglobin, MCV,MCH,MCHC, albumin, Cl, decreased extraordinarily. Immediate medication of antibiotics was worked out under a clinical diagnosis of pericoronitis of lower wisdom tooth, periostitis of the mandible and cervical cellulitis. Nevertheless, rapid inflamation progressed downward; mediastinal abscess was found by CT image taken 6 days later from the beginning of the therapy. Immediately, extraction of pathogenic teeth, cervical drainage, and transcervical and transthoracic mediastinal drainage were performed under a diagnosis of descending necrotizing mediastinitis. Moreover, bacterial examination was performed using a pus specimen derived from abscess; α-Streptococcus and Prevotella intermedia were detected. CT taken 2 weeks later from the beginning of the therapy revealed continuing bilateral pleural and pericardial effusion in spite of intensive care. Unfortunately he was died of multi organ failure caused by septic shock a month later from the beginning of the therapy
Antibacterial and Antifungal Effect of 405 nm Monochromatic Laser on Endodontopathogenic Microorganisms
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of 405 nm monochromatic laser irradiation as an alternative management for prevention and/or treatment of endodontic infections. A monochromatic laser-emitting device equipped with a 405-nm laser diode was developed. Using this device, the effect of 405 nm laser irradiation on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans, which are microorganisms associated with persistent endodontic infections, was evaluated by viable colony counting. As a result, the irradiation with a 405 nm laser had a significant bactericidal/fungicidal effect on P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and C. albicans, whereas the growth of E. faecalis was not affected by the irradiation. The inhibition rate in P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was ~60% and ~80%, respectively, following irradiation at 0.2 W for 300 sec. The inhibition rate in C. albicans was ~90% following irradiation at 0.2 W for 1200 sec. These results indicate that 405 nm monochromatic laser irradiation exerts a bactericidal/fungicidal effect on these microorganisms. The present study clearly demonstrates that 405 nm laser irradiation is a promising alternative management strategy for prevention and/or treatment of endodontic infections
バッシゴ シュッケツ オ ケイキ ニ シンダン サレタ コウレイシャ ニオケル センテンセイ ケツユウビョウ A ノ 1レイ
Hemophilia A is often diagnosed by gingival change, traumatic injuries, or bleeding after extraction in childhood, but rarely in senior age.
We experienced that a 66 year-old man was diagnosed as hemophilia A by bleeding after tooth extraction. He was referred to our hospital for control the bleeding after tooth extraction. Although we tried to stop bleeding by local hemostasis, we repeated to bleed several times. Then we examined the level of hemorrhage factors.
As a result, the patient was diagnosed as moderate hemophilia A, and he received recombinant factor VIII intravenously. After that, the bleeding had been stopped completely
Exercise before breakfast increases 24-h fat oxidation in female subjects
BackgroundExercise performed in a postprandial state does not increase 24-h fat oxidation of male and female subjects. Conversely, it has been shown in male subjects that exercise performed in a postabsorptive state increases 24-h fat oxidation compared with that in sedentary control and that with exercise trials performed after breakfast, lunch, or dinner. There is a paucity of study evaluating the effect of exercise performed in a postabsorptive state in female subjects.MethodNine young female subjects participated in indirect calorimetry measurement over 24-h using a room-size metabolic chamber in which subjects remained sedentary or performed 60 min exercise before breakfast at 50% of . Exercise was accompanied by an increase in energy intake to ensure that subjects were in a similar state of energy balance over 24 h for the two trials.FindingsCompared with the sedentary condition, exercise performed before breakfast increased 24-h fat oxidation (519 ± 37 vs. 400 ± 41 kcal/day). Time courses of relative energy balance differed between trials with transient negative energy balance observed before breakfast. The lowest values of relative energy balance observed during the 24-h calorimetry, i.e., transient energy deficit, were greater in exercise trials than in sedentary trials. The transient deficit in carbohydrate balance was also observed before breakfast, and magnitude of the deficit was greater in exercise trial compared to that of sedentary trial.InterpretationUnder energy-balanced conditions, exercise performed in a post-absorptive state increases 24-h fat oxidation in female subjects. The effect of exercise performed before breakfast can be attributed to nutritional state: a transient deficit in energy and carbohydrate at the end of exercise
ジュニア期スポーツにおけるサプリメント摂取の現状とその影響
近年、多種類のサプリメントが簡単に入手できる時代となり、子どもたちも自由に気軽に購入できる状況におかれている。また、スポーツ界ではアンチ・ドーピング活動が盛んとなっているが、サプリメント摂取はアスリートにとってドーピング的意味合いを持つことを忘れてはならない。そこで、我々は、まず子どものサプリメントの摂取状況を文献的に考察し、次いで全国の日本スポーツ少年団に登録する子どもを対象としたサプリメント等に関するアンケート調査を実施した結果を踏まえて、子どもたちのサプリメント摂取やドーピングに関する今後の課題を検討した。その結果、サプリメント摂取はスポーツに対する効果だけでなく、ドーピング問題も含めた教育をジュニア期から行い、専門家による早急な対応の必要性が明らかとなった
Effect of Melatonin on Human Dental Papilla Cells
Melatonin regulates a variety of biological processes, which are the control of circadian rhythms, regulation of seasonal reproductive function and body temperature, free radical scavenging and so on. Our previous studies have shown that various cells exist in human and mouse tooth germs that express the melatonin 1a receptor (Mel1aR). However, little is known about the effects of melatonin on tooth development and growth. The present study was performed to examine the possibility that melatonin might exert its influence on tooth development. DP-805 cells, a human dental papilla cell line, were shown to express Mel1aR. Expression levels of mRNA for Mel1aR in DP-805 cells increased until 3 days after reaching confluence and decreased thereafter. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that melatonin increased the expression of mRNAs for osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotin (DSPP). Melatonin also enhanced the mineralized matrix formation in DP-805 cell cultures in a dose-dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that melatonin may play a physiological role in tooth development/growth by regulating the cellular function of odontogenic cells in tooth germs
Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived, Scaffold-Free Constructs for Bone Regeneration
In the present study, a scaffold-free tissue construct was developed as an approach for the regeneration of tissue defects, which produced good outcomes. We fabricated a scaffold-free tissue construct from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs construct), and examined the characteristics of the construct. For its fabrication, basal sheets prepared by 4-week hDPSCs culturing were subjected to 1-week three-dimensional culture, with or without osteogenic induction, whereas hDPSC sheets (control) were fabricated by 1-week culturing of basal sheets on monolayer culture. The hDPSC constructs formed a spherical structure and calcified matrix that are absent in the control. The expression levels for bone-related genes in the hDPSC constructs were significantly upregulated compared with those in the control. Moreover, the hDPSC constructs with osteogenic induction had a higher degree of calcified matrix formation, and higher expression levels for bone-related genes, than those for the hDPSC constructs without osteogenic induction. These results suggest that the hDPSC constructs with osteogenic induction are composed of cells and extracellular and calcified matrices, and that they can be a possible scaffold-free material for bone regeneration