Формування і продуктивність фотосинтетичного апарату рослин куку-рудзи за дії Поліміксобактерину – стимулятора росту рослин

Currently, the introduction of new techniques for corn growing technology, which involves the use of microbial drugs – growth stimulators and the study of their effects on the process of photosynthesis is relevant. In the conditions of field experiment on black soil, the effect of microbial preparation Polimiksobakteryn – a growth stimulator of plants on various methods of its application on the formation and productivity of the photosynthetic apparatus of maize plants of hybrid Dniprovsky 181 SV was studied. It was determined that the bacterialisation of seeds with subsequent surface treatment of vegetable corn plants with Polymiksobacteryn in the phase of 3–5 or 7–9 leaves – agroprimus, which provides activation of the process of photosynthesis. In particular, for the combination of bacteritisation and surface treatment of vegetative plants, the area of the leaf surface increases to 5315 cm2/plant in the flowering phase, which is 40.0% more relative to the control variant, this indicates an improvement in the conditions of growth and development of maize due to the growth-stimulating properties of the microbial preparation. The index of chlorophyll content (a + b) increases, and among all the experimental variants, the highest value of 146.7 mg/100 g of leaves installed with the combined use of Polimyksobacteryn – the bacteritisation of seeds and surface treatment by vegetation, which is 36.2% higher than the benchmark 107.7 mg/100 g of leaves. The increase in area of the leaf surface was accompanied by raising in the net photosynthesis efficiency of 6.34 g/m2 per day in the control version to 10.39 g/m2 per day (or 63.8%) as a result of bacteritisation and surface treatment of corn vegetable plants, indicating about formation of the optimum structure and productivity of the paper machine. It should be noted that according to the data, the method of using microbial preparation, which included seeding bacteria and superficial treatment of vegetative plants, better than taking bacteria or seed treatment separately. Therefore, in the cultivation of maize, the use of the microbial preparation Polymiksobacteryn, the growth stimulator of plants, by bacterialization of seeds in combination with surface treatment of plants in vegetation, increases the quantitative and improves qualitative parameters of photosynthetic activity of plants, which is essentially of practical importance for increasing the productivity of this culture.На даний час впровадження нових прийомів технології вирощування кукурудзи, яка включає застосування мікробних препаратів – стимуляторів росту рослин та дослідження їх впливу на процес фотосинтезу є актуальним. В умовах польового досліду на чорноземі вилуженому вивчено дію мікробного препарату Поліміксобактерину – стимулятора росту рослин за різних прийомів його застосування на формування і продуктивність фотосинтетичного апарату рослин кукурудзи гібриду Дніпровський 181 СВ. Встановлено, що бактеризація насіння з подальшою поверхневою обробкою вегетуючих рослин кукурудзи Поліміксобактерином у фазі 3–5 або 7–9 листків – агроприйом, який забезпечує активізацію процесу фотосинтезу. Зокрема, за поєднання бактеризації і поверхневої обробки вегетуючих рослин простежується збільшення площі листкової поверхні до 5315 см2/рослину у фазі цвітіння, що на 40,0% більше відносно контрольного варіанту, це свідчить про покращення умов росту і розвитку кукурудзи за рахунок рістстимулючих властивостей мікробного препарату. Зростає показник вмісту суми хлорофілів (а + b), і серед усіх варіантів досліду найвище значення – 146,7 мг/100 г листя встановлено при поєднаному застосуванні Поліміксобактерину – бактеризації насіння та поверхневої обробки по вегетації, що на 36,2% перевищувало контрольний показник 107,7 мг/100 г листя. Збільшення площі листової поверхні супроводжувалось підвищенням показника чистої продуктивності фотосинтезу від 6,34 г/м2 за добу в контрольному варіанті до 10,39 г/м2 за добу (або на 63,8%) за бактеризації та поверхневої обробки вегетуючих рослин кукурудзи, що свідчить про формування оптимального за структурою та продуктивністю листкового апарату. Варто зазначити, що за даними показниками спосіб застосування мікробного препарату, який включав і бактеризацію насіння і поверхневу обробку вегетуючих рослин, є кращим, ніж прийом бактеризації насіння або поверхневої обробки окремо. Тому, при вирощуванні кукурудзи застосування мікробного препарату Поліміксобактерину – стимулятора росту рослин, шляхом бактеризації насіння у поєднанні з поверхневою обробкою рослин по вегетації, підвищує кількісні та покращує якісні параметри фотосинтетичної активності рослин, що має принципово важливе практичне значення для підвищення продуктивності даної культури

The role of neurohumoral factors in the persistence of aseptic bone inflammation in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP, Charcot foot) is a relatively rare complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which can lead not only to impaired support function of the lower limb in such patients, but also to high amputation. DNOAP is characterized by persistent aseptic inflammation of the bone structures of the foot, which creates significant ­difficulties in planning therapeutic measures. In the medical literature, there are data demonstrating the role of individual ­cytokines and neurohumoral factors in the prolongation of the inflammatory process in diabetes, however, there are currently very few studies that determine reliable markers of aseptic inflammation in DNOAP.AIM: To study the effect of neurohumoral factors and advanced glycation end products on the activity of aseptic inflammation in the bone structures of the foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 88 patients with type 2 diabetes (45 men, 43 women). Group 1 consisted of patients with DM2 and inactive DNOAP (n= 43), group 2 (n= 45) consisted of patients with DM2 and distal diabetic neuropathy without osteoarticular pathology. The diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy was based on the analysis of the clinical picture and indicators of peripheral sensitivity. Diagnosis of DNOAP and determination of its stage was based on clinical data, the results of infrared thermometry and radiology tests of the foot bones. General clinical assessment was used, radiology tests (X-ray, MRI), evaluation of CRP, calprotectin, copeptin, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GP1).RESULTS. According to the results of examination and palpation of the feet, as well as the analysis of the temperature gradient of the skin of the affected and contralateral limb (infrared thermometry), DNOAP was detected and the stage of this complication was determined. The diagnosis of the chronic stage of DNOAP was confirmed by the results of MRI and the clinical picture (no difference in skin temperature on the symmetrical areas of the feet). According to the results of laboratory analysis, a statistically significant difference in copeptin values was revealed — in group 1 — 0.232 µg/ml [0.147; 0.342], in group 2 — 0.115 µg/ml [0.065; 0.203] (p>0.05) and CRP — in group 1 — 7.113 mg/l [2.453; 16.505], in group 2 — 2.187 mg/l [1.131; 5.567] (p>0.05), leukocyte levels in the groups did not differ significantly: group 1 — 7.86 [6.40; 9.00]*10^9, group 2 — 7.00 [6.00; 8.15] (p>0.05). There was a trend towards an increase in the level of calprotectin and glutathione peroxidase-1 in the DNOAP group, however, the differences were not significant. calprotectin — in group 1 — 1.948 [1.229; 2.969], in group 2 — 1.692 [1.16; 2.514] μg/ml and glutathione peroxidase-1 in group 1 — 24.72 [20.1; 31.82], in group 2 — 22.98 [18.94; 31.2] ng/ml.CONCLUSION. In the study, statistically significant differences were obtained in the levels of copeptin and C-reactive protein: in patients with DNOAP, their values were significantly higher, which indicates the persistence of the aseptic inflammatory process in the bone tissue of patients even in the chronic stage of DNOAP. These data may help in deciding whether to use one or another method of unloading the affected joints, which will affect the clinical prognosis. The study of neurohumoral markers of arthropathy in the blood serum of patients with DM2 is carried out for the first time, and therefore it is difficult to compare with the results of other authors. It can be assumed that copeptin and CRP are significant markers of persistent inflammation of the osteoarticular structures of the foot in DNOAP

Optimization of cultivation medium for the production of Bacillus intermedius 3-19 glutamyl endopeptidase | Optimizatsiia sredy kul'tivirovaniia dlia produktsii glutamiléndopeptidazy Bacillus intermedius 3-19.

The effect of some components of cultivation medium on the growth of the streptomycin-resistant Bacillus intermedius strain 3-19 and on the production of glutamyl endopeptidase was investigated using factorial experimental design, which allowed the concentrations of peptone and inorganic phosphate to be optimized for the maximum production of the enzyme. Experiments with different peptones and casamino acids showed that the enzyme production is maximum with peptone 3 of plant origin. The addition of casamino acids or amino acids to the peptone-containing cultivation medium inhibited the production of glutamyl endopeptidase

Construction of stably maintained non-mobilizable derivatives of RSF1010 lacking all known elements essential for mobilization

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>RSF1010 is a well-studied broad-host-range plasmid able to be mobilized to different bacteria and plants. RSF1010-derived plasmid vectors are widely used in both basic research and industrial applications. In the latter case, exploiting of mobilizable plasmids or even the plasmids possessing negligible mobilization frequency, but containing DNA fragments that could promote conjugal transfer, is undesirable because of biosafety considerations. Previously, several mutations significantly decreasing efficiency of RSF1010 mobilization have been selected. Nevertheless, construction of the RSF1010 derivative lacking all known loci involved in the conjugal transfer has not been reported yet.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Novel non-mobilizable derivatives of RSF1010 lacking all known DNA sequences involved in the mobilization process have been obtained due to the exploiting of λRed-driven recombination between the plasmid and a constructed <it>in vitro </it>linear DNA fragment. To provide auto-regulated transcription of the essential replication gene, <it>repB</it>, the plasmid loci <it>oriT</it>, <it>mobC </it>and <it>mobA </it>were substituted by the DNA fragment containing P_{<it>lac</it>UV5}→<it>lacI</it>. Mobilization of the obtained RSFmob plasmid was not detected in standard tests. The derivative of RSFmob with increased copy number has been obtained after <it>lacI </it>elimination. High stability of both constructed plasmids has been demonstrated in <it>Escherichia coli </it>and <it>Pantoea ananatis</it>. Design of RSFmob allows easy substitution of P_{<it>lac</it>UV5}by any desirable promoter for construction of novel derivatives with changed copy number or host range.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Novel non-mobilizable derivatives of RSF1010 lacking all known DNA sequences involved in the mobilization process and stably maintained at least in <it>E. coli </it>and <it>P. ananatis </it>have been constructed. The obtained plasmids became the progenitors of new cloning vectors answering all biosafety requirements of genetically modified organisms used in scale-up production.</p

Optimization of cultivation medium for the production of Bacillus intermedius 3-19 glutamyl endopeptidase

The effect of some components of cultivation medium on the growth of the streptomycin-resistant Bacillus intermedius strain 3-19 and on the production of glutamyl endopeptidase was investigated using factorial experimental design, which allowed the concentrations of peptone and inorganic phosphate to be optimized for the maximum production of the enzyme. Experiments with different peptones and casamino acids showed that the enzyme production is maximum with peptone 3 of plant origin. The addition of casamino acids or amino acids to the peptone-containing cultivation medium inhibited the production of glutamyl endopeptidase. © 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"

Synthesis and secretion of proteinases by Bacillus intermedius in the late stages of sporulation

In the late stages of sporulation, cells of Bacillus intermedius 3-19 secreted into the medium two proteinases, glutamyl endopeptidase and subtilisin, whose maximum activities were recorded in the 40th and 44th hours of growth, respectively. By estimating β-galactosidase activity as a marker of cytoplasmic membrane integrity, it was revealed that the accumulation of these proteinases in the medium was a result of their secretion and not of lysis of the cell envelope. Concentrations of peptone and inorganic phosphate ensuring the maximum production of the enzymes were established. Ammonium ions were shown to inhibit the production of proteinases by the mechanism of repression by nitrogen metabolites

Synthesis and secretion of proteinases by Bacillus intermedius in the late stages of sporulation

In the late stages of sporulation, cells of Bacillus intermedius 3-19 secreted into the medium two proteinases, glutamyl endopeptidase and subtilisin, whose maximum activities were recorded in the 40th and 44th hours of growth, respectively. By estimating β-galactosidase activity as a marker of cytoplasmic membrane integrity, it was revealed that the accumulation of these proteinases in the medium was a result of their secretion and not of lysis of the cell envelope. Concentrations of peptone and inorganic phosphate ensuring the maximum production of the enzymes were established. Ammonium ions were shown to inhibit the production of proteinases by the mechanism of repression by nitrogen metabolites

A prospective randomized controlled trial of bone metabolism in patients with charcot foot

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP, Charcot&rsquo;s foot) - is a progressive destructive inflammatory disease of the osteoarticular apparatus of the foot, untimely and inadequate treatment of which can lead to the formation of gross deformities. More often, DNOAP is unilateral, bilateral lesion is relatively rare. It is not always possible to trace the relationship between the debut of DNOAP with trauma and chronic hyperglycemia. There is data demonstrating the role of individual pro-inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of DNOAP, however, studies combining the evaluation of various metabolic markers of Charcot&rsquo;s foot formation are currently extremely poor. AIM: To evaluate the hormonal and metabolic markers of bone formation and resorption in patients with DNOAP and without this diabetic complication. METHODS: A prospective, controlled trial included 70 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (37 men and 43 women) who formed 2 groups: group 1 included patients with DNOAP, group 2 was formed by patients with diabetes without foot skeleton damage. All patients underwent a study of 1,25-OH-vitamin D, sclerostin, pro-MMP-1, C-terminal propeptide type 1 collagen (PICP), type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, PTH, 25-OH-vitamin D, beta-cross-slaps. RESULTS: The results of the studies confirmed the presence of vitamin D deficiency in all patients with diabetes mellitus included in the study, revealed the absence of statistically significant differences between the groups in the values of sclerostin, pro-MMP-1; 25-OH-vitamin D, type I collagen, and osteocalcin (p &gt; 0.05). However, significant differences were found in the 1.25-OH vitamin D levels: patients with DNOAP presented the lower rates of 1,25-OH-vitamin D in comparison to control group (p &lt;0.05). Beta-cross and PICP levels were significantly higher in DNOAP patients as well (p &lt;0.05). Those findings show the more severe collagen degradation in patients with DNOAP and can be the genetically predisposed cause of DNOAP development. Though further studies are needed. CONCLUSION: In patients with DNOAP a decrease in 1,25-OH-vitamin D levels was found, as well as the alteration of the synthesis and destruction of collagen (beta-cross-slaps and PICP) compared to patients with diabetes mellitus without osteoarticular disorders

Immunohistochemical features of the bone tissue of the lower extremities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy is a serious disabling complication of diabetes mellitus, which, in the absence of timely correct treatment, can lead to high amputations of the affected limb. At present, the reasons and mechanism of the development of Charcot’s foot are not completely clear. It is extremely important to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of DNOAP formation and to search for reliable markers-predictors of this pathology.Aim: To study the immunohistochemical characteristics of the bone tissue of the lower extremities in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy in comparison with patients with diabetes mellitus without this pathology.Materials and methods: During the foot surgery, a bone fragment of the foot was harvested for immunohistochemical study of receptor markers for PINP, PIIINP, and RAGE in the group of patients with DNOAP compared with the control group.Results: The study included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and were divided into 2 groups: 10 patients with DNOAP made up group 1, 10 patients without DNOAP — group 2.Patients in both groups were comparable in AGE, experience with type 2 diabetes, and glycemic control.During the immunohistochemical study, a significant increase in the staining intensity of receptor markers for PINP, PIIINP, and AGE was recorded in the group of patients with DNOAP compared with the control group (p &lt;0.05).Conclusion: For the first time, an immunohistochemical study of markers of bone resorption and AGE was carried out in persons with DNOAP. The results obtained indicate impaired collagen formation and, as a consequence, impaired bone formation and bone resorption in patients with DNOAP: in group 1, a statistically significant increase in the expression of PINP, PIIINP, and RAGE was revealed

Методы оценки размеров раневого дефекта при синдроме диабетической стопы

Object. The study of the informativeness by various methods of visualizing the dimensions of wound defects and the dynamics of their healing in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS).Materials and Methods. The descriptive research analyzed various methods for determining the size of wounds in 77 patients with DFS. 63 (81.8 %) patients (1st group) were performed classical planimetry by film using. The wound size at 6 (7.8 %) patients (2nd group) was estimated by using a computer program, 8 (10.4 %) patients (3d group) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) their feet.Results. In the course of the study, the median area of wounds in Group 1 patients were 25.0 [16.2; 44.5] cm2, median depth — 3.3 [1.5; 6.5] cm. It was required about 15–20 minutes of the expert work. The median area of wounds by patients Group 2, measured with the mobile application V2F, was 8.95 [6.8; 10.6] cm2. The depth determined by the same method was 0.25 [0.2; 0.5] cm. The study duration amount to 5 minutes approximately. The 3d patients Group that was measured with MRI had wound defects depth equal to 3.2 [2.6; 4.5] cm, wound area - 23.5 [12.3; 55.3] cm2. This study duration was similar to the standard MRI protocol.Conclusion. The planimetric method of wound size analysis is a routine way for assessing the dynamics of the wound defects state, its size and depth. Determining the size of wounds with special software is rather quick and simple method, but it allows to evaluate only the planar characteristics of the wound and has a high error. The MRI procedure of a wound with an alginate dressing allows to reliably estimate the volume of wound defect and exclude the presence of a hidden infection focus.Цель. Изучение информативности различных методов визуализации размеров раневых дефектов и динамики их заживления у пациентов с синдромом диабетической стопы (СДС).Материалы и методы. В описательном исследовании были проанализированы различные методы определения размеров ран у 77 пациентов с СДС. 63 (81,8 %) пациентам (группа 1) провели классическую планиметрию с использованием пленки. У 6 (7,8 %) человек (группа 2) размеры раны оценивали с помощью компьютерной программы. 8 (10,4 %) больным (группа 3) проводили МРТ стопы. Результаты. В ходе проведенного исследования медиана площади ран у пациентов группы 1 составляла 25,0 [16,2; 44,5] см2, медиана глубины — 3,3 [1,5; 6,5] см. На проведение данного исследования в среднем требовалось около 15–20 минут специалиста. У пациентов группы 2 медиана площади ран, измеренная с помощью мобильного приложения V2F, составляла 8,95 [6,8; 10,6] см2. Глубина, определенная аналогичным методом, – 0,25 [0,2; 0,5] см. Длительность исследования составляла около 5 минут. У больных группы 3 медиана глубины раневых дефектов, измеренная при помощи МРТ, составляла 3,2 [2,6; 4,5] см, площадь раны — 23,5 [12,3; 55,3] см2. Продолжительность данного исследования аналогична стандартному протоколу МРТ.Заключение. Исследование размеров ран планиметрическим методом является рутинным способом оценки динамики состояния раневого дефекта, его размеров и глубины. Определение размеров ран при помощи специального программного обеспечения – достаточно быстрый и простой метод, однако он позволяет оценить лишь плоскостные характеристики раны и отличается высокой погрешностью. Методика проведения МРТ раны с альгинатной повязкой позволяет достоверно оценить объем раневого дефекта и исключить наличие скрытого очага инфекции.