Effect of trapezoidal discrete heater sizes on evolution of laminar thermal plumes in enclosures

In this study, numerical simulation of unsteady laminar natural convection in a cubical cavity having discrete heat source of a trapezoidal shape has been carried out. Governing equations describing fluid flow and heat and mass transfer within the considered area have been represented using the dimensionless vector potential functions, vorticity vector and temperature. Distributions of velocity and temperature fields inside the domain of interest have been obtained. All calculations have been conducted in a wide range of Rayleigh number and heater size

How can aviation law and policy facilitate open access to the new airport of Istanbul

Dr. Mendes de Leon as legal professor and expert in aviation touched on several legal aspects that Turkey’s airports, airlines and authorities could think when preparing for the opening of the new airport.Dr. Mendes de Leon, Hukuk profesörü ve Havacılık alanında bir uzman olarak, Türkiye’nin havaalanlarının, havayollarının ve otoriterinin, yeni bir havaalanı açmaya hazırlandıklarında düşünebilecekleri bir kaç yasal açıya değindi

The comparative analysis of statistics, based on the likelihood ratio criterion, in the automated annotation problem

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This paper discusses the problem of automated annotation. It is a continuation of the previous work on the A⁴-algorithm (Adaptive algorithm of automated annotation) developed by Leontovich and others.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A number of new statistics for the automated annotation of biological sequences is introduced. All these statistics are based on the likelihood ratio criterion.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Some of the statistics yield a prediction quality that is significantly higher (up to 1.5 times higher) in comparison with the results obtained with the A⁴-procedure.</p

Geometric Measure of Indistinguishability for Groups of Identical Particles

The concept of p-orthogonality (1=< p =< n) between n-particle states is introduced. It generalizes common orthogonality, which is equivalent to n-orthogonality, and strong orthogonality between fermionic states, which is equivalent to 1-orthogonality. Within the class of non p-orthogonal states a finer measure of non p-orthogonality is provided by Araki's angles between p-internal spaces. The p-orthogonality concept is a geometric measure of indistinguishability that is independent of the representation chosen for the quantum states. It induces a new hierarchy of approximations for group function methods. The simplifications that occur in the calculation of matrix elements between p-orthogonal group functions are presented

Modeling molecular crystals formed by spin-active metal complexes by atom-atom potentials

We apply the atom-atom potentials to molecular crystals of iron (II) complexes with bulky organic ligands. The crystals under study are formed by low-spin or high-spin molecules of Fe(phen)$_{2}$(NCS)$_{2}$ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), Fe(btz)$_{2}$(NCS)$_{2}$ (btz = 5,5$^{\prime }$,6,6$^{\prime}$-tetrahydro-4\textit{H},4$^{\prime}$\textit{H}-2,2$^{\prime }$-bi-1,3-thiazine), and Fe(bpz)$_{2}$(bipy) (bpz = dihydrobis(1-pyrazolil)borate, and bipy = 2,2$^{\prime}$-bipyridine). All molecular geometries are taken from the X-ray experimental data and assumed to be frozen. The unit cell dimensions and angles, positions of the centers of masses of molecules, and the orientations of molecules corresponding to the minimum energy at 1 atm and 1 GPa are calculated. The optimized crystal structures are in a good agreement with the experimental data. Sources of the residual discrepancies between the calculated and experimental structures are discussed. The intermolecular contributions to the enthalpy of the spin transitions are found to be comparable with its total experimental values. It demonstrates that the method of atom-atom potentials is very useful for modeling organometalic crystals undergoing the spin transitions