The Therapeutic Effect of Autogenic Adipose Derived Stem Cells Combined with Autogenic Platelet Rich Plasma in Tendons Disorders in Horses in vitro and in vivo Research

Naturally, occurring tendons injuries including superficial digital flexor tendinopathy are the most frequent musculoskeletal disorders in. performance horses. Conventional methods of treatment with non steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory medicaments in majority of cases lead to scar formation, reducing the quality and efficiency of tissue regeneration. Novel approach is aimed to use cells naturally present in an organism as regeneration enhancing factor. In conducted research, the intralesional injections of autologous adipose derived stem cells combined with autologous platelet concentrate therapeutic potential was investigated in horses with 8-12 weeks duration superficial digital flexor injury with severe scaring. Collected by clinical examinations data showed positive effects of autologous, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with autologous platelet rich plasma injections on regeneration processes in the course of superficial flexor tendon injures in horses. On the basis of ultrasound examination, it was proved that the quality of healed tissue was significantly higher in experimental group, comparing to control group. Obtained results confirmed the beneficial pro-regeneration effects of stem cells/platelet concentrate combined injections. The obtained data may also serve as valuable source of information about morphology and behaviour of fat stem cells in culture or platelets appearance

Leptin Gene Polymorphisms in Native Turkish Cattle Breeds

The aim of the study was to determine leptin gene polymorphisms in South Anatolian Red (SAR), East Anatolian Red (EAR) and Turkish Grey Cattle. In the study unrelated 40 SAR. 40 EAR and 40 Turkish Grey cattle were used. Target sites in leptin gene exon 2, exon 3 and intron 2 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) consisting site in exon 2, exon 3 and intron 2 were determined as a result of digestion with Kpn2l. HphI and Sau3Al restriction enzymes, respectively. The highest T allele frequency related with production traits for Kpn2l polymorphism was found for SAR cattle. For HphI polymorphism. T allele frequencies were detected clearly predominant. Within each breed for Sau3Al polymorphism B and C allele frequencies that effect production traits were found to be dramatically lower than A allele frequency. As a result we can suggest that there was no clearly difference that can create any advantage in terms of leptin gene SNPs among the three native Turkish cattle breeds

The Effect of Cu+2, Fe+2 and Cr+3 in Mineral Additives Enriched with Biosorption Process Form on Chosen Parameters of in vitro Caecal Fermentation in Laying Hens (Lohmann Brown)

Trace element additives with Cu (II), Fe (III) and Cr (II) were tested in vitro in a Hen Caecum Model. The levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) were estimated in. the 4th and 6th h of fermentation. Measurements of hydrogen and methane as fermentation end products were conducted. Any negative influence on the fermentation process were noted. The study observed a higher production of SCFA in the experimental group than in the control group. In the experiment an increase in propionate acid was observed except in the control and Cr (II) groups. It seems to be true that fermentation in experimental groups was more intensive and faster than in the control one. A result of intensive fermentation was a pH decrease in experimental groups but this was the within range value. The lack of a correlation was shown between the level of acetate and methane and hydrogen concentratio

The Effect of Dietary Zinc (II) Chelate and Zinc (II) Enriched Soybean Meal on Selected Parameters of In vitro Caecal Fermentation of Laying Hens

Soybean meal was enriched with Zn (II) ions via biosorption using inorganic salt (ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O). Biosorption was conducted using a column reactor with a bed of a volume of 0.1 dm(3). The biosorption process was conducted at a temperature of 20 degrees C to bed saturation, controlling the concentration of solution flowing out of the column The enriched biomass was air dried for 48 h. The control group (C) and two experimental groups (I and II) were distinguished. The availability of zinc from the preparation obtained via biosorption method was examined in the first group (I) while the availability of zinc in a from organic chelate was assessed in the second group (II). The caecum was collected during dissection and the ingesta was obtained from it After incubation, the gas contained in the serum bottles was subjected to analysis in order to examine bacteria activity in the ingesta. The analysis of the produced hydrogen and methane were conducted using gas chromatography method on a gas chromatograph. The samples of liquid ingesta were subjected to analysis using a gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies 7890A GC System) with an FID detector in order to determine total SCFA concentration and the percentage contribution of particular acids: acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric. The results analysis proved no negative influence of soybean meal enriched with zinc using biosorption method on in vitro fermentation process in caecum

Comparison and optimization of genetic tools used for the identification of ancient fish remains recovered from archaeological excavations and museum collections in the Mediterranean region

Among the many fish species commercially exploited since prehistoric times, Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is one of the most economically significant, having left an indelible imprint on several civilizations including the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. Here, we describe our efforts to identify tuna specimens among the remains of 345 fish vertebrae and bones in several large collections from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea, dating from the Late Iron Age (2nd century BCE) to the early 20th century (1911-1927). Unfortunately, ancient fish specimens are often mislabelled, which can cause a great deal of confusion among zoologists. Protocols were developed and optimized to overcome the unique challenges related to the compromised integrity of genetic material preserved in ancient bones. Three DNA isolation protocols were compared to maximize yields, and as reported for other faunal remains, a silica spin column-based method was proven most effective. Endogenous DNA was successfully extracted from the majority of bones and amplified using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and an assortment of four primer pairs targeting nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) and mitochondrial sequences (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and control region). Protocols targeting mitochondrial markers were more successful than those focused on nuclear targets. Due to the restricted length of the extracted DNA molecules, character-based keys containing diagnostic nucleotide substitutions were defined and used to identify 231 samples to genera, of which 171 were identified to species level. The success rate of assignment of specimens to species level varied between location and collection, reflecting variation in DNA preservation between different sites and environments. The methods detailed herein can be used to identify other ancient fish specimens and provide information about historical human diets, trade, species distribution, and biodiversity. The same tools can be applied to the analysis of processed food items with highly damaged DNA