Confirmation of nocardithiocin production.

<p>HPLC analysis of the nocardithiocin production in representative <i>Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis</i> IFM strains. In total, 14 strains were tested (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143264#pone.0143264.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>). The peak pattern did not differ considerably between the strains, therefore representative data are shown. The red line indicates the elution time of nocardithiocin.</p

Transcriptional analysis.

<p>The transcription levels of genes in the nocardithiocin gene cluster were compared under nocardithiocin-producing and non-producing conditions. The RPKM values under nocardithiocin-producing conditions are relative to those under non-producing conditions. The graph of RPKM-fold change for each gene is shown under the diagram of the gene cluster.</p

Nocardithiocin production.

<p>Nocardithiocin production in the wild-type (WT), <i>notL</i> disruptant (<i>ΔnotL</i>), and complement strain (Comp.) was analyzed by HPLC.<i>ΔnotL</i> strain containing an empty vector (Empty) was used as the control. The arrowheads indicate the nocardithiocin peak.</p

Bacterial strains used in this study.

<p>*The degree of nocardithiocin production was roughly divided into three levels: +, obvious production; ±, very slight production; -, no production.</p><p>Bacterial strains used in this study.</p

Nocardithiocin gene cluster and predicted biosynthesis scheme.

<p>(A) Organization of genes within the cluster. Each gene is color-coded by its putative function. (B) Proposed nocardithiocin biosynthesis pathway based on the chemical structure and putative gene functions. The dehydrogenation reaction forms a thiazole ring (green), dehydration produces dehydroamino acids (red), and the cyclization of the precursor peptide at serines S1 and S10 forms a pyridine ring. Further modifications by P450 monooxygenase (yellow) and methyltransferase (pink) are also indicated.</p

Amphidinins C–F, Amphidinolide Q Analogues from Marine Dinoflagellate <i>Amphidinium</i> sp.

Four new polyketides, amphidinins C–F (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>), have been isolated from the culture broth of symbiotic dinoflagellate <i>Amphidinium</i> sp. The analysis of their spectral data revealed that amphidinins C–F (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) were 4,5-seco-analogues of amphidinolide Q (<b>5</b>). The absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by the combination of <i>J</i>-based configuration analysis, modified Mosher’s method, and chemical derivatization. Amphidinins D (<b>2</b>) and F (<b>4</b>) are the first glycosides related to amphidinolides. Amphidinins C–F (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria and/or fungi

Model of Allergic Asthma and Evaluation of the Parameters of Respiratory Functions

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses of dehydrin-like genes in A. fumgiatus. Expression profiles of the dprA, dprB, and dprC in the resting conidia of Afs35 (WT) and ΔatfA were analyzed. Each value represents the expression ratio relative to that of actin. Data presented are averages of three replicates, and the bar indicates standard deviation. (PPTX 55 kb

Additional file 8: Figure S4. of Global gene expression reveals stress-responsive genes in Aspergillus fumigatus mycelia

Expression profiles of 27 putative Yap1 target genes reported by Lessing et al. (2007). yap1 was up-regulated only at 15 min in response to SS. (PDF 85 kb

Manzamenone O, New Trimeric Fatty Acid Derivative from a Marine Sponge <i>Plakortis</i> sp.

A new structurally unique trimeric fatty acid derivative, manzamenone O (<b>1</b>), was isolated from a marine sponge <i>Plakortis</i> sp. Manzamenone O (<b>1</b>) has a novel skeleton consisting of C–C bonded octahydroindenone and dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane moieties and three long aliphatic chains. The structure of <b>1</b> was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and conformational analysis. Manzamenone O (<b>1</b>) exhibited antimicrobial activity against <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, <i>Aspergillis niger</i>, and <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i>

Nagelamides X–Z, Dimeric Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from a Marine Sponge Agelas sp.

Three new dimeric bromopyrrole alkaloids, nagelamides X–Z (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>), were isolated from a marine sponge Agelas sp. Nagelamides X (<b>1</b>) and Y (<b>2</b>) possess a novel tricyclic skeleton consisting of spiro-bonded tetrahydrobenzaminoimidazole and amino­imidazolidine moieties. Nagelamide Z (<b>3</b>) is the first dimeric bromopyrrole alkaloid involving the C-8 position in dimerization. The structures of <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Nagelamides X–Z (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) exhibited antimicrobial activity