Temperature Changes in Brown Adipocytes Detected with a Bimaterial Microcantilever

AbstractMammalian cells must produce heat to maintain body temperature and support other biological activities. Methods to measure a cell’s thermogenic ability by inserting a thermometer into the cell or measuring the rate of oxygen consumption in a closed vessel can disturb its natural state. Here, we developed a noninvasive system for measuring a cell’s heat production with a bimaterial microcantilever. This method is suitable for investigating the heat-generating properties of cells in their native state, because changes in cell temperature can be measured from the bending of the microcantilever, without damaging the cell and restricting its supply of dissolved oxygen. Thus, we were able to measure increases in cell temperature of <1 K in a small number of murine brown adipocytes (n = 4–7 cells) stimulated with norepinephrine, and observed a slow increase in temperature over several hours. This long-term heat production suggests that, in addition to converting fatty acids into heat energy, brown adipocytes may also adjust protein expression to raise their own temperature, to generate more heat. We expect this bimaterial microcantilever system to prove useful for determining a cell’s state by measuring thermal characteristics

Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P-45011β

AbstractA full-length cDNA clone encoding steroid 11β-hydroxylase (P-45011β) has been isolated from a cDNA library derived from human adrenal tumor. The insert of the clone contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 503 amino acid residues together with a 4 bp 5'-untranslated region and a 576 bp 3'-untranslated region to which a poly(A) tract is attached. The promoter region of the P-45011β gene has also been isolated from a genomic library derived from human pre-B cells. It contains a TATA box, a putative cAMP-responsive element, several repeated sequences and two sequence elements similar to the consensus sequence for binding of AP-1. A transient expression assay in Y-1 adrenal tumor cells demonstrates that the promoter activity is remarkably enhanced by treatment of the cells with cAMP. In addition, analysis using deletion mutants containing various lengths of the 5'-flanking region of the gene suggests that several cis-acting elements participate in transcriptional regulation of human P-45011β gene

Discussion on tips of exercise using EMG

金沢大学理工研究域電子情報学系All types of physical exercise have various information that individual ability, environment and so on. Exercises have different meanings but look much the same. This is called the Individual Characteristic Principle. From this principle, it is thought that the same precision motions have internal difference. However, we want to completely do away with difference between these exercises because we have aesthesia. For example, likes and dislikes and learning the ropes. Because of this we thought that the common motion structures exist and so researched the possible existence of the common motion structures in the same accuracy isometric work. © 2010 IEEE

Human fine motion analysis using biological signals

金沢大学理工研究域電子情報学系In the field of the interface research, confusion had been discussed since before. However, the research that focused on link of interface and confusion motion is very little. In contrast, in the field of the cognitive research, a lot of study about confusion is researching as a popular theme since before. These studies use video camera or motion capture system as a method to observation and analysis of confusion [1]. Consequently, in the study, we acquire and analyze confusion seen from aspect of the field of cognitive research, and we have aimed to create some application at the interface. In this regard, in the field of the cognitive research use very largescale system for observe to confusion motion. So, it is difficult to application to interface. For the reason, we experiment on surface Electromyogram. Surface Electromyogram (EMG) is researched new interface and can observe change in muscle force or fine motion for observe of confusion motion. In the result, we were able to confirm some tendency of the EMG in people puzzled. © 2010 IEEE

Detection of muscle fatigue by the surface electromyogram and its application

金沢大学理工研究域電子情報学系金沢大学理工研究域電子情報学系The muscle is moved by muscle fiber contraction receiving command from the brain. But, energy that moves muscle is not infinity. If muscle get into energy shortage, no matter how send command from the brain, muscle is not moved. Such a temporary muscular dysfunction is muscle fatigue. If muscle becomes excess fatigue condition, it may decrease work efficiency, or muscle strain. If we are able to measure muscle fatigue objectively, improve work efficiency, or avert muscle strain. Therefore, it is necessity to measure muscle fatigue. It is able to objectively measure with a surface electromyogram(EMG). The feature of muscle fatigue are increase in amplitude and make the transition from high frequency spectrum to low frequency spectrum. We evaluate muscle fatigue Mean Power Frequency (MPF). to evaluates frequency of surface EMG.We assume muscle recovery process is converse phenomenon from muscle fatigue, and it is able to evaluate elevated MPF. The purpose of the present study is to design of system that effective training, or improve work efficiency, or avert muscle strain uses feature of muscular fatigue and muscle recovery process. © 2010 IEEE