Research study on materials processing in space experiment number M512

Conclusions of the team of specialists can be generalized as: (1) Brazing and welding of metal structures in an orbital near zero gravity condition are quite feasible. (2) Design of joints for fabrication in zero gravity will place less emphasis on the tolerances and proximity of the adjacent structures than on the quantity of liquid metal available. (3) Brazing of metallic joints has many advantages over electron beam welding for practical reasons: simplicity, launch weight, development costs, joint design tolerances, remotization, etc. (4) No evidence of different physical or mechanical properties of liquid metals in zero gravity was observed. However, many differences in liquid behavior were observed. Many of these effects have been called adhesion-cohesion phenomena

The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. II. A Statistical Characterization of Class 0 and Class I Protostellar Disks

We have conducted a survey of 328 protostars in the Orion molecular clouds with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 0.87 mm at a resolution of ~0.”1 (40 au), including observations with the Very Large Array at 9 mm toward 148 protostars at a resolution of ~0 08 (32 au). This is the largest multiwavelength survey of protostars at this resolution by an order of magnitude. We use the dust continuum emission at 0.87 and 9 mm to measure the dust disk radii and masses toward the Class 0, Class I, and flat-spectrum protostars, characterizing the evolution of these disk properties in the protostellar phase. The mean dust disk radii for the Class 0, Class I, and flat-spectrum protostars are 44.9^(+5.8)_(−3.4), 37.0^(+4.9)_(−3.0), and 28.5^(+3.7)_(−2.3) au, respectively, and the mean protostellar dust disk masses are 25.9^(+7.7)_(−4.0), 14.9^(+3.8)_(−2.2), 1.6^(+3.5)_(−1.9) M⊕, respectively. The decrease in dust disk masses is expected from disk evolution and accretion, but the decrease in disk radii may point to the initial conditions of star formation not leading to the systematic growth of disk radii or that radial drift is keeping the dust disk sizes small. At least 146 protostellar disks (35% of 379 detected 0.87 mm continuum sources plus 42 nondetections) have disk radii greater than 50 au in our sample. These properties are not found to vary significantly between different regions within Orion. The protostellar dust disk mass distributions are systematically larger than those of Class II disks by a factor of >4, providing evidence that the cores of giant planets may need to at least begin their formation during the protostellar phase

Regenerative cooling design and analysis computer program

Program evaluates influences of heat transfer, stress, and cycle life. Coolant passages may be tubes or channels, with or without gas-side wall coating. Program options include two-dimensional thermal analysis model of tube or channel cross-section using relaxation technique with variable number of nodes

A Kernel-Based Calculation of Information on a Metric Space

Kernel density estimation is a technique for approximating probability distributions. Here, it is applied to the calculation of mutual information on a metric space. This is motivated by the problem in neuroscience of calculating the mutual information between stimuli and spiking responses; the space of these responses is a metric space. It is shown that kernel density estimation on a metric space resembles the k-nearest-neighbor approach. This approach is applied to a toy dataset designed to mimic electrophysiological data

Research study on materials processing in space experiment number M512

Adhesion of the melted metals to the adjacent solid metals, and cohesion of the liquid metal to itself appeared to be equally as strong in zero gravity as on earth. Similar cut edge bead periodicity in cut thin plate, and similar periodic chevron patterns in full penetration welds were seen. The most significant practical result is that the design of braze joints for near zero gravity can be very tolerant of dimensional gaps in the joint. This conclusion is based on a comparison of narrow, wide and variable gap widths. Brazing is very practical as a joining or repairing technique for metal structures at zero gravity. The operation of the hardware developed to locate successive small (0.6 cm) diameter cylinders in the focus of the battery powered EB unit, melt the various metal specimens and deploy some liquid metal drops to drift in space, was generally successful. However, the sphericity and surface roughness were far from those of ball bearings

Tackling Arithmophobia : Teaching How to Read, Understand, and Analyze Financial Statements

This discussion presents different ideas on how to teach accounting and practical finance to law students

A functional and therapeutic investigation of ciliopathy proteins and ciliopathies

This thesis aims to investigate new functions for ciliopathy proteins and identify candidates for therapeutic application. The ciliopathies form a class of genetic diseases whose aetiology lies in the primary cilium. Over 30 genes have been identified as mutant in ciliopathies and their proteins localise at the primary cilium. When mutated they can cause kidney disease, obesity, polydactyly, and retinal degeneration. In this project, I have studied craniofacial dysmorphology related to Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) in humans, mice, and zebrafish, and shown there to be consistent midfacial flattening and hypoplasia. Bbs8, a causative gene of BBS, has a key role in neural crest migration and possibly in cell migration in general. This accounts for the frequent observation of Hirschsprung’s disease, a gut immotility disorder, in BBS. I identified new roles for BBS and other ciliopathy proteins in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal transduction and showed that they are important in the downstream processing of the transcription factor Gli3. I modelled ten different ciliopathy genes in the zebrafish and identified specific ciliary phenotypes, such as laterality randomisation, otic vesicle anomalies, and kidney cysts. Administration of two drugs, Rapamycin and Roscovitine, were sufficient to rescue formation of kidney cysts and restore the filterative capacity of the kidney. This paves the way for studies in mouse models and, ultimately, in humans, where no treatment for ciliopathic renal disease exists. I examined whether FTO, a gene associated with obesity in the general population, functioned in ciliary processes. I provided some evidence that its protein was involved ciliary processes and glucose homeostasis. I also showed that fto interacted with its neighbouring ciliary gene, ftm, in the zebrafish. I performed similar interaction studies to show that a non-synonomous SNP in a gene associated with lipid accumulation in C. elegans had deleterious effects on protein function, explaining its high degree of association in BBS patients

Alpha, Omega, and the Letters in Between: LGBTQI Conservative Christians Undoing Gender

Sociologists studying gender have debated West and Zimmerman’s premise that “doing gender is unavoidable,” seeking to ascertain whether people can “undo” or only “redo” gender. While sociologists have been correct to focus on the interactional accomplishment of gender, they have neglected one of Garfinkel’s key insights about interaction: that people hold each other accountable to particular narratives. Neglecting the narrative aspect of doing—and undoing—gender impedes our ability to recognize processes of social change. Based on a qualitative study, we show how the movement for LGBTQI acceptance within U.S. conservative Protestant churches works to make gender not “omnirelevant” by challenging conservative “complementarity” narratives that posit two complementary, opposite sexes as a commandment preceding the Ten Commandments in time and importance. We explore this movement’s ambivalent relationship with homonormativity, highlight three ways this movement resists projecting binary gender narratives into scripture, and examine how some in this movement see the pursuit of social justice as a Christian mandate. The efforts of LGBTQI conservative Christians exemplify how reshaping sex/gender/sexual narratives can create possibilities for undoing gender