Quijotexte, Quijothemen, Quijotheorien. Acht Annäherungen an Don Quijote

Acht Autoren untersuchen Miguel de Cervantes´ Meisterwerk Don Quijote aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln, wobei sowohl textimmanente Aspekte (das Verwirrspiel um die Autorschaft, die eingeschobenen Novellen, Quellen und Sprachspiele) als auch die Rezeption des Romans (Übersetzungen, Opernfassungen und Verfilmungen sowie sein Einfluss auf die spanische Gegenwartsliteratur) behandelt werden.Ocho autores se acercan a la obra maestra de Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quijote, desde perspectivas diferentes, analizando tanto aspectos inmanentes del texto (el complejo enredo en torno al problema de la autoría, las novelas intercaladas, las fuentes y los juegos de palabras) como la recepción de la obra (las traducciones, versiones operísticas y adaptaciones cinematográficas y el influjo sobre la literatura española contemporánea)

Validation of methane and carbon monoxide from Sentinel-5 Precursor using TCCON and NDACC-IRWG stations

The Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission with the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board has been measuring solar radiation backscattered by the Earth\u27s atmosphere and surface since its launch on 13 October 2017. In this paper, we present for the first time the S5P operational methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) products\u27 validation results covering a period of about 3 years using global Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and Infrared Working Group of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC-IRWG) network data, accounting for a priori alignment and smoothing uncertainties in the validation, and testing the sensitivity of validation results towards the application of advanced co-location criteria. We found that the S5P standard and bias-corrected CH4 data over land surface for the recommended quality filtering fulfil the mission requirements. The systematic difference of the bias-corrected total column-averaged dry air mole fraction of methane (XCH4) data with respect to TCCON data is −0.26±0.56 % in comparison to −0.68±0.74 % for the standard XCH4 data, with a correlation of 0.6 for most stations. The bias shows a seasonal dependence. We found that the S5P CO data over all surfaces for the recommended quality filtering generally fulfil the missions requirements, with a few exceptions, which are mostly due to co-location mismatches and limited availability of data. The systematic difference between the S5P total column-averaged dry air mole fraction of carbon monoxide (XCO) and the TCCON data is on average 9.22±3.45 % (standard TCCON XCO) and 2.45±3.38 % (unscaled TCCON XCO). We found that the systematic difference between the S5P CO column and NDACC CO column (excluding two outlier stations) is on average 6.5±3.54 %. We found a correlation of above 0.9 for most TCCON and NDACC stations. The study shows the high quality of S5P CH4 and CO data by validating the products against reference global TCCON and NDACC stations covering a wide range of latitudinal bands, atmospheric conditions and surface conditions

Visualization of portal liver vasculature in mice

Protocol to cast murine liver vessels with silicone rubber injection compound with additional clearance for visualisation and automated quantification of vessel

Improved Recovery from Liver Fibrosis by Crenolanib

Chronic liver diseases are associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This so-called fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and impair vital functions of the liver. We examined whether the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) class III inhibitor Crenolanib affects the behavior of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) involved in fibrogenesis. Rats were treated with thioacetamide (TAA) for 18 weeks to trigger fibrosis. After TAA treatment, the animals received Crenolanib for two weeks, which significantly improved recovery from liver fibrosis. Because Crenolanib predominantly inhibits the RTK platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, impaired HSC proliferation might be responsible for this beneficial effect. Interestingly, blocking of RTK signaling by Crenolanib not only hindered HSC proliferation but also triggered their specification into hepatic endoderm. Endodermal specification was mediated by p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun-activated kinase (JNK) signaling; however, this process remained incomplete, and the HSC accumulated lipids. JNK activation was induced by stress response-associated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) in response to Crenolanib treatment, whereas β-catenin-dependent WNT signaling was able to counteract this process. In conclusion, the Crenolanib-mediated inhibition of RTK impeded HSC proliferation and triggered stress responses, initiating developmental processes in HSC that might have contributed to improved recovery from liver fibrosis in TAA-treated rats

Free flow electrophoresis allows quick and reproducible preparation of extracellular vesicles from conditioned cell culture media

Aim: Despite intensive research during the last decade, it remains challenging to prepare extracellular vesicles (EVs) of high purity, especially from primary body liquids or protein-rich conditioned media. For now, time-consuming combinations of at least two orthogonal methods, e.g., density and size separation, are required to enrich EVs to high purity, often at the expense of processing time. Therefore, novel technologies are required that allow EV preparation in acceptable time intervals and to fair purities. Free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) constitutes a well-established semi-preparative method to separate and prepare analytes, e.g., by inherent differences in their electric charges. FFE combines a flow-driven longitudinal transport of sample material with vertical electrophoresis and allows the separation of sample components into up to 96 different fractions. It was our aim to evaluate the potential of FFE for the separation of EVs from other sample components of EV-containing protein-rich conditioned cell culture media.Methods: Exemplarily, conditioned media of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells raised in the presence of EV-containing 10% human platelet lysate were processed. We analyzed the obtained fractions by different technologies, including imaging flow cytometry, western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis.Results: We demonstrate that FFE quickly and reproducibly separates EVs from a huge proportion of molecules included in the original sample.Conclusion: Our results qualify FFE as a feasible, quick and reproducible technology for the preparation of bona fide EVs