A Inimputabilidade em razão de anomalia psíquica e a medida de segurança de internamento

A presente dissertação aborda o tema da inimputabilidade em razão de anomalia psíquica no ordenamento jurídico português, especificando as medidas de segurança de internamento do inimputável. Sabendo que se trata de um tema complexo e amplo associado a diversas matérias, pretendemos inicialmente fazer uma reflexão descritiva sobre a saúde mental e o enquadramento legal da inimputabilidade. Assim, esclarece-se antes de mais, que a anomalia psíquica e o delito acarretam uma complexidade que pode originar comportamentos estigmatizantes a dois níveis, no seio da sociedade: por um lado, pela doença per se e, por outro, pelo facto cometido. Pretende-se, deste modo, compreender de que forma as medidas de segurança de internamento contribuem para a ressocialização do inimputável em razão de anomalia psíquica, à luz da psiquiatria e da análise ao sistema vigente. De forma responder à pergunta basilar da investigação – “Estará a medida de segurança de internamento a contribuir para a reintegração do inimputável em razão de anomalia psíquica?” – recorremos a uma técnica mista, na qual nos socorremos de entrevistas exploratórias e leituras pertinentes; da elaboração de uma grelha de análise e respetivo tratamento de dados; do olhar de profissionais que lidam todos os dias com a realidade em estudo. Os tipos legais de crimes mais significativos na amostra são os crimes contra a vida, seguindo-se os crimes contra a integridade física; as patologias mais frequentes respeitam às categorias: esquizofrenia e outras perturbações psicóticas e perturbação pela utilização de substâncias. Quanto às durações das medidas de segurança observamos um utente privado da liberdade há 41 anos, outro há 27 e, ainda, um há 25 anos, o que dificulta as hipóteses de uma reintegração social favorável.This dissertation addresses the theme of Insanity Defense in the Portuguese legal system, specifying the security measures of internment of the Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity. Knowing that this is a complex and broad theme associated with several subjects, we initially intend to make a descriptive reflection on mental health and the legal framework of the Insanity Defense. Thus, it is clear, first, that the psychic anomaly and the offence entail a complexity which can lead to stigmatizing behavior at two levels within society: on the one hand, by the disease per se and, on the other, by the fact committed. Thus, it is intended to understand how the security measures of internment contribute to the resocialization of the individuals deemed Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity due to a psychic anomaly, in the light of psychiatry and the analysis of the current system. To answer the starting question of the investigation – "Will the security measure of internment contribute to the reintegration of the Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity?" – we resort to a mixed technique, in which we are helped by exploratory interviews and relevant readings; the preparation of an analysis grid and its data processing; from the gaze of professionals who deal every day with the reality under study. The most significant legal types of crimes in the sample are crimes against life, followed by crimes against physical integrity; the most frequent pathologies relate to the following categories: schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and substance use disorder. As for the duration of security measures, we have observed one person deprived of liberty for 41 years, another for 27 years and one for 25 years, which makes it difficult to see the chances of a favorable social reintegration

Time and Consciousness -the Quintessence of Life and Reality?

On the eve of the twentieth century many philosophers questioned the conventional outlook on individual consciousness and time apprehension. William James and Henri Bergson for example, tried to define the nature of time as well as the experience of time. But some things are not easily bent to simple linear description and time is one of them. Time is one of the most basic categories of human experience. Doubts have been cast as to the validity of considering time a constituent of the physical world, but individuals and societies continue to experience time and to regulate their lives by it. Some of our notions of time are derived from natural processes: day and night, a solar year with its four seasons (but not in the arctic zone) etc. A person shut off from all perception of the outside world would still, presumably, continue to experience the succession of his thoughts and feelings. In between these two extremes -the natural and the personalresides the main stream of temporal experience: time as an inter-subjective public, social convention that we establish in order to facilitate our living together. "To believe that your impression hold good for others", wrote Virginia Woolf of Jane Austen, "is to be released from the cramp and confinement of personality" [1]. Virginia Woolf wrote this almost in envy for she was herself bound by the cramp and confinement of personality; her sense of significant was intensely personal and individual, depending on subtle shifts of mood and feelings. "What is meant by reality?" she once asked end replied: "it would seem to be something very erratic, very undependable -now to be found in a dusty road, now in a scrap of newspaper in the street, now in a daffodil in the sun. It lights up a group in a room and stamps some casual saying…" [2]. This is related to James Joyce's view of the "epiphany", the sudden realization that some quite ordinary incident or situation or object encountered in daily experience has an intense symbolic meaning. Our civilization tends to think of time as a unidirectional and irreversible flow, a sort of one way street. Such a conception was given a metaphoric shape by Heraclitus early in western history: you cannot step twice into the same river, for other waters and yet other waters go ever flowing on. Today we might add that not only the object of experience but also the experiencing subject is in a constant flux. To become socialized

Food security in a changing climate world

The purpose of this article is to analyze the potential impact of climate change on food security. Global environmental changes coupled with socio-economic changes are a major food security issue and challenge. The main findings show that all four key elements of food security, namely availability, stability, use and access are significantly affected by changes in the environment. The most vulnerable segment of the population is those whose living conditions and livelihoods are strictly dependent on climate change and their ability to adapt is the lowest due to household income. This category includes children and women, poor people, the elderly and all those who depend on agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing and other natural resources. Climate change and its impact on demographic patterns, urbanization, population movements, and changes in food consumption patterns are intensifying food system risks globally

A review of representative methods used in wine authentication

Authenticity and the methods for determining fraud are two of the most important issues in the field of quality control and food safety. In the winemaking field, the study of authenticity is all the more necessary, with wine being one of the most adulterated foods, as the monthly reports of the European Commission show. This results in a two-fold problem: consumer expectations are not met and there is a disloyal competition among wine producers in the field. Authenticity has been a priority research direction worldwide for centuries. Today, researchers are working on improving already existing methods of authenticity monitoring, but also on creating new ones. The intention is to have results that are as accurate, fast and inexpensive as possible for confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis. The bibliographic study of the literature undertaken for the development of this article aims to identify the classical methods of establishing authenticity, describe them and establish their degree of efficiency. Moreover, a review of the current research trends is presented in this work

Determinants of Health Status and Public Policies Implications – Lessons for Romania

La presente investigación se enfoca en determinar la eficiencia de la respuesta sísmica de la infraestructura del hospital materno infantil de la ciudad de Juliaca mediante el empleo de los aisladores High Damping Rubber (HDR), Lead Rubber Bearings (LRB) y Triple Friction Pendulum (TFP) considerándose en el análisis la flexibilidad del suelo llamado también interacción suelo - estructura. Inicialmente se estudió los fundamentos de los sistemas de aislación y la interacción suelo - estructura para luego diseñar los dispositivos de aislación, los cuales se ensayaron en un software de análisis estructural ETABS 2015 en la infraestructura del centro hospitalario materno infantil de la ciudad de Juliaca. Las dimensiones a partir de las cuales se buscó determinar el aislador más eficiente son la fuerza cortante en la base, la distorsión de entrepiso, el desplazamiento máximo, aceleración máxima, y los modos de vibración y su participación de la masa a través del análisis modal tiempo – historia no lineal (FNA) y el método de integración directa en el que se usó siete registros de aceleración de estaciones ubicados en suelo tipo S2 para obtener la mejor performance de la estructura. En la investigación se determinó al aislador Triple Friction Pendulum (TFP) como el más idóneo para este centro hospitalario que tiene sus particularidades de concepción y distribución arquitectónica, obteniéndose una distorsión de entrepiso inferiores a 0.003 máximo permitido por la Norma Chilena de aislamiento sísmico PrNCh2745 (2013), por la investigación de Mendo (2015) y 0.0033 de Hazus – MH 2.1 (2015) y aceleraciones menores a 0.25g que evitaran daños en equipos sensibles y otorgaran un confort humano durante el evento sísmico. Además, se tiene una reducción de fuerza cortante de 57% respecto a la estructura fija sin aislamiento. Y desarrollando 2/3 de su capacidad de desplazamiento para un sismo máximo creíble.TesisJULIACAEscuela Profesional de Ingeniería CivilIngeniería Estructura

Economic advantages of using bacterial biopreparations in agricultural crops

The ecological, genetic, biological approach proposed by agricultural specialists in order to protect plants and crops has a role in reducing the impact of pests through the process of selection and improvement of genetic resources in the processes of planting, development and introduction of biological means to combat pests in agricultural ecosystems. The strategies proposed by the specialists in the agricultural field aim not at the total extermination of the pests from the agricultural crops but at keeping the pest populations at the optimal damage threshold. The most important advantages of these biological processes are those of the evolutionary stability of the crop systems, the ecological stabilization of the pest and crop populations as well as the assurance of a superior quality of the resulting agricultural products.The present paper aims to present the main advantages of using bacterial biopreparations in agricultural ecosystems (research conducted in agricultural research stations in Romania), reducing soil pollution, environmental crops, use of alternative fertilization and cultivation technologies as well as obtaining additional, ecological productions.The aim of this paper is to present the economic advantages of using bacterial biopreparations in agricultural research and development stations, reducing costs in agriculture and the processes that these bacterial biopreparations have on the agricultural ecosystem, the environment and humans and animals

Remote activation by green-light irradiation of shape memory epoxies containing gold nanoparticles

Shape memory epoxies (SMEs) that can be remotely activated by the use of green light, are described. An epoxy matrix based on on diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA cured with a mixture of n-dodecylamine (DA) and m-xylylenediamine (MXDA), exhibits excellent shape memory properties as described in a previous paper (Leonardi et al., 2011). Au NPs with an average diameter close to 5 nm could be uniformly dispersed in this matrix using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains as stabilizer. These NPs showed a significant photothermal effect even at very low concentrations (0.01 wt% as metallic gold), when irradiated with a 532 nm laser at a power close to 2 W/cm2. Under these conditions, a bended bar (1.4-mm thickness) recovered its initial shape in a few seconds. This formulation may be used to build up devices with the necessary mechanical strength and with the possibility to produce shape recovery by remote activation using green light. A second example was analyzed employing an amphiphilic epoxy matrix to produce a uniform dispersion of Au NPs stabilized with dodecyl chains (average diameter close to 3 nm). A bar (1.4-mm thickness) of the SME with 0.04 wt% Au NPs (as metallic gold) showed a fast recovery of its initial shape by irradiation with a 532 nm laser at a power close to 2 W/cm2. This example shows the feasibility of adapting the epoxy chemistry to disperse Au NPs stabilized with different ligands and obtained through robust synthetic methods.Fil: Leonardi, Agustina Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Puig, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Antonacci, Julian. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Arenas, Gustavo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Zucchi, Ileana Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Hoppe, Cristina Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Reven, Linda. McGill University; CanadáFil: Zhu, Liu. Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School; ChinaFil: Toader, Violeta. McGill University; CanadáFil: Williams, Roberto Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

THE AROMATIC PROFILE OF WHITE WINES OBTAINED FROM BIODYNAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL GROWN GRAPES IN ROMANIA

This study analyses the differences between wines obtained from grapes cultivated conventionally and those cultivated biodynamically. The wine samples studied were obtained from Rhein Riesling, Italian Riesling, Muscat Ottonel and Chardonnay grape varieties. Among these, four variants (one from each grape variety) were obtained from grapes following conventional cultural technologies, while the rest were from the same grape varieties cultivated biodynamically. All grapes and wines were produced in the Murfatlar vineyard, in south-east Romania. Basic chemical and sensorial analyses were applied to evaluate the differences appearing between the conventional and organic wine samples. All sets of data, PCA analysed, underlined that there are no systematic differences between the two grape cultivation methods and the obtained products

Extra-intestinal malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: Results of the 3rd ECCO Pathogenesis Scientific Workshop (III)

AbstractThe incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders (LD) is increasing in developed countries. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exposed to thiopurines are at additional risk of three specific forms of LD: Epstein-Barr-Virus-related post-transplant like LD, hepato-splenic T-cell lymphoma and post-mononucleosis lymphoproliferation. The risk of the two latter forms of LD can be reduced when considering specific immunosuppressive strategies in young males. It is still unclear whether the risk of uterine cervix abnormalities is increased in IBD women, irrespective of the use of immunosuppressants. Given the excess risk demonstrated in various other contexts of immunosuppression, it is currently recommended that all women with IBD, particularly those receiving immunosuppressants, strictly adhere to a screening program of cervical surveillance and undergo vaccination against HPV, when appropriate. Patients with IBD receiving immunosuppressants are at increased risk of skin cancers. The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer is notably increased in patients receiving thiopurines. Recent data suggest that the risk of melanoma is mildly increased in patients exposed to anti-TNF therapy. All IBD patients should adhere to a program of sun protection and dermatological surveillance, whose details should take into account the other non-IBD-related risk factors