Modelling innovation activity processes for global fashion marketplaces.

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Desire for experiential travel, avoidance of rituality and social esteem: An empirical study of consumer response to tourism innovation

AbstractThis study investigates tourist consumption responses toward tourism innovation. To measure tourist responses, this study posits three key consumption drivers, namely social esteem, desire for experiential travel, and avoidance against rituality of tourism settings (a subscale of need for uniqueness) and models consumers’ affective response within the context of tourism innovation. It involves 295 respondents in an empirical survey. The findings affirm the three drivers toward tourist consumption behavior. Avoidance of rituality reflects tourist preference toward tourism product and service innovation. Desire for experiential travel and the pursuit of social esteem signify tourism management and marketing innovation. Social esteem, need for status and creative choice have significant influence on tourists’ affective responses. Acquiring unique tourist products, desire for experiential travel and seeking social esteem are important motivations for tourist consumption. The implications of the study enrich the existing literature of consumer behavior and tourist consumption in response to tourism innovation

把虛擬的感情融入到時尚品牌的識別中: 在相互依賴的亞洲情況中理解品牌識別關係 Putting assumed emotion in fashion brand literacy: understanding brand-identity relationship in the interdependent Asian context

在過去的幾十年裏，研究者對於理解消費者和品牌之間的象徵意義的研究非常感興趣，特別是有關身份階層的研究(Elliott and Wattanasuwan, 1998; Escalas and Bettman, 2005; Kirmani, 2009) 以及其對品牌管理的意義 (Arvidsson, 2005; Holt, 2002; 2004)，從文化心理的觀點來研究文化如何構造品牌識別關係，Eckhardt (2002)指出只有極少的研究關注相互依存文化中消費者的行為。相反大多數的研究都是基於西方的理論，認為消費者是獨立的，可以自我解釋的。 本研究道是為了填補這一不是，通過對中國年輕消費者的研究，整合他們的文化價值與虛擬的感情，從而發現他們對於時尚品牌認知和消費的獨特識別。我們遵從Bengtsson and Firat (2006)的有關品牌識別的概念，來拓展在相互依賴的亞洲情境下對於象徵品牌消費和品牌識別關係的理解。文獻評述部份討論了在建立品牌識別關係時的品牌形象化，以及社會心理學對於相互依存的自我解釋的理解。此外，還對中國消費者的文化特色對於象徵性消費的影響也進行了探討。 本研究的主要研究對象是具有時尚品牌消費經驗的年輕中國廣州消費者。一共有18名20歲左右的當地大學的志願者參與了研究。研究採用了深度訪談和對參與者的觀察作為數據的主要來源方法。三角測量分析技術被用於檢驗收集的數據。 研究結果說明了當中國年輕人在識別品牌時虛擬感情存在不同的程度(Hu, 1949)。研究探討了針對於他們社會身份的文化關注(例如同學、子女、朋友、個人身份的期待等)可以顯著影響他們品牌和時尚價值，認知和消費。通過象徵消費，中國年輕人在購買品牌的同時也獲得了品牌的象徵意義，這就像一種區別不同的品牌認知。另外我們還發現在中國城市人口和農村人口間對於時尚和品牌的認知是存在巨大的差異的，這是因為他們之間的世界觀存在差異(Thompson and Tambyah, 1999)。 總而言之，本研究對於在相互依賴的亞洲情境中品牌識別關係研究有著重要的意義。東方文化中的消費者更為主觀的把別人的看法融入到時尚消費中，而不是自我的愉悅感。對於虛擬感情的顧慮和對於社會身份的象徵意義的關注將會是理解這些消費者消費文化的關鍵。 Over the past decade, consumer researchers have been interested in understanding symbolic relationship between consumers and brands, especially on identity construction (Elliott & Wattanasuwan, 1998; Escalas & Bettman, 2005; Kirmani, 2009) and its implications on brand management (Arvidsson, 2005; Holt, 2002; 2004). Following a cultural-psychological view to study how culture shapes brand-identity relationship, Eckhardt (2000) addresses that little attention have been paid to understand consumer behavior within interdependent cultures when compare with the prolific account of western literatures that reported the consumption behavior with an independent self-construal. This paper strives to address this absence through researching how a group of Chinese youngsters internalize their cultural values with a sense of assumed emotion and developed local specific brand literacy towards fashion brands’ perception and consumption. Following Bengtsson and Firat (2006)’s concept of brand literacy, this interpretative research aims to extend our current understanding of symbolic brand consumption and brand-identity relationship in particular to the interdependent Asian context. The literature review discusses previous studies on brand symbolism in formulating brand-identity relationship and how social psychological understanding of interdependent construal of self can be applied to consumer researches. The cultural characteristics of Chinese consumers are also discussed with reference to previous indigenous consumer researches on symbolic brand consumption. As part of a greater project on fashion and brand consumption experience among young Chinese in Guangzhou, 18 Chinese volunteers aged around 20 are recruited from local universities and colleges and become the main research informants. The fieldwork is conducted in Guangzhou. In-depth interviews and participant observations are the main data collection method. Triangulation analysis technique has been adopted to review and cross-check data collected. Our findings and discussions demonstrate different dimensions of assumed emotion (Hu, 1949) among the Chinese youngsters in structuring their brand literacy. We discuss how cultural concern towards their social identities, including as students, sons/daughters, friends, and changing identities expected in the future, may significantly impact the youngsters’ fashion and brand value, perception and consumption. Through symbolic consumption, the Chinese youngsters depict a sense of culturally specific fashion and brand knowledge as demonstrated in their fashion choice, taste and consumption, in a way that is culturally appropriate in fitting themselves in a complex social network. Guided by this sense of assumed emotion, Chinese youngsters adopt the signs and meanings embedded in brand names and its associated symbols to engage in the different social situations within their cultural setting. This has resulted in a different construct of brand literacy within the interdependent cultural context. An emergent theme is also found as there is a major difference in fashion brands perceptions and choices between the urbanities (i.e. Guangzhou localities) and peripheries (i.e. outsiders) because of a cultural difference in constructing their cosmopolitan identities (Thompson & Tambyah, 1999). To conclude, this study has contributed to our understanding of brand-identity relationship in the interdependent Asian context. Consumers in the eastern cultures tend to be subjected to integrate a larger socio-cultural context than maintaining individualistic pleasures as in western cultures. A greater concern of understanding the assumed emotion and how consumers asserted their social identities with symbolic fashion and brand consumption would be a key to understand the consumption cultures with interdependent self-construal

MFA fibers and cotton imported to the United States from China and Hong Kong—a structural change analysis

Using the endogenous break augmented Dickey–Fuller test of Zivot and Andrews (J. Business Econ. Stat., 10, 251–70,1992), our study sheds light on the current research on MFA fibers mainly in cottons exported from Mainland China and Hong Kong to the United States. We determine the order of integration of time series variables to avoid spurious regression, as pointed out by Granger and Newbold (Journal of Econometrics, 2, 111–120. 1974). The variables are found as in different orders of integration and hence researchers should take caution when estimating export demand functions. We further investigate whether MFA cotton price and quantity demanded will converge to its arithmetic mean (equilibrium) in desirable period. We find mixed evidences. Finally, we trace the date on which the structural break of the series would take place in response to shock, such as MFA quota abolishment. The break date in year 2000 was detected, and it took about 1.6–6.5 months for the repercussion of the shock to diminish to half of its initial impulse

Import demand response of MFA apparel/nonapparel fibers and cottons in the United States: a case study of China and Hong Kong

This paper documents the export performance of multifiber agreement fibers mainly of cottons exported from Mainland China and Hong Kong to the United States during 1989–2005. The authors used the cointegration and error correction approach to investigate whether long-running relationships among variables exist. The empirical results suggest that a unique long-run relationship exists among import price and quantity, real income per capita, and trade liberalization. The short-run dynamics of export demand functions were estimated using an error correction model in which the error correction term was found correctly signed. The empirical results provide insights into private and government agencies that are actively engaged in the business

Atmospheric pressure plasma‐induced decolorisation of cotton knitted fabric dyed with reactive dye

The aim of this study was to investigate the decolorisation effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on knitted fabrics dyed with reactive dyes under different processing parameters, ie, air concentration, treatment duration and water content. The fabrics were dyed with reactive dye of a blue colour, and the colour depths were 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.0% on weight of fabric. The colour properties of untreated and plasma‐treated fabric samples were evaluated by means of reflectance, K/S and relative unlevelness index. The colour properties were evaluated instrumentally and quantitatively in order to study the decolorisation effect induced by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. Experimental results revealed that the desired decolorisation effect was heavily influenced by the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment processing parameters. Although the desired decolorisation effect could be obtained by controlling the processing parameters of the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, the treatment did not provide any significant reduction in the bursting strength of the fabric

An Orthogonal Study of Industrial Scale Colour Fading Process of Cotton Fabric

Colour fading is now a popular process used for imparting a vintage look to textile and fashion products, which enhances market value because of the current fashion trends. This study examined a non-aqueous colour fading process with the use of oxygen plasma-induced ozone treatment. An industrial scale machine and commercially available red sulpur-dyed cotton fabric (with 0.5 %, 1.5 % and 2.5 % colour depths) were used in this study. Since the colour fading process factors are inter-related to each other, a specific experiment approach, i.e. orthogonal method, was used for obtaining the optimum conditions in an industrial scale colour fading process. Three process factors used in the industrial scale colour fading process, i.e. (i) oxygen gas concentration (%); (ii) amount of water in fabric (%); and (iii) treatment time (minutes), would be studied in this paper. Through the orthogonal method, the optimum conditions for colour fading of the three colour depths of cotton fabric dyed by red sulphur dye were determined and their optimum conditions were same. The optimum conditions of the colour fading of the three colour depths were: (i) 70 % oxygen gas concentration; (ii) 35 % amount of water in fabric; and (iii) 30 minutes treatment time. Although colour fading conditions are the same, the order of importance of these process factors was different. Unlike the conventional colour fading process, oxygen plasma-induced ozone colour fading treatment can achieve uniform and even colour fading effect in the cotton fabric effectively

Tilstandsrapport for naturen på jorda

Alle fakta i denne teksten er hentet fra rapporten «IPBES Global assesment of biodiversity and ecosystem services», lansert av Naturpanelet i mai 2019. Dette er den største og grundigste sammenstillingen av kunnskap om verdens naturtilstand som er gjort siden 2005. Den er utarbeidet av 400 av verdens ledende eksperter og er en global utredning som tar for seg hele verdens naturutfordringer. Rapporten skal danne grunnlaget for en politikk og samfunnsutvikling som ivaretar både klima- og miljøhensyn. Gjennom rapportene sine er Naturpanelet i ferd med å etablere seg som et av verdens fremste organ for sammenstilling av den globale kunnskapen om natur. Les rapporten på www.ipbes.ne