Isolation And Identification Of Solasodine From The Fruit Of Solanum Melongena L.

This research was aimed at isolating solasodine from the fruit of Solanum melongena L. and identifying the product of isolation. The isolation was performed initially by direct method steam distillation followed by reflux with concentrated hydrochloric acid to extract the intended substance. Identification of the product was conducted using color test with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), color test according to Briggs and Salkowski, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and Fourier transform−infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). The reaction of the product and H2SO4 gave a brown coloration, while the result of TLC demonstrated a brown spot with retardation factor (Rf) similar to that of standard solasodine, and the IR spectrum showed peaks similar to those of standard. These results confirmed that solasodine existed in the extract of Solanum melongena L.s fruit and therefore direct method live steam distillation followed by reflux can be used to isolate solasodine from the fruit

Effect of pH and Fermentation Time on the Biohydrogen Production from Sugar Cane Molasse

Biohydrogen is one of promising alternative renewable energy sources. This can be produced through sugar fermentation in anaerobic condition. In this research, the potential of biohydrogen production from molasse using cow dung as inoculums is investigated. The biohydrogen was produced through fermentation of molasse in serum vials at varied initial pH (3, 5, 7) and fermentation (2, 3, and 4 days). The cow dung was preheated at 105oC and 2 hours prior to inoculation. The final sugar concentration, MLVSS, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), alcohol content (ethanol and butanol) as well as the gas production rate were analyzed at the end of fermentation. The presence of Clostridium perfringens in the inoculums had been detected. The highest biohydrogen yield was 3.065 mole H2/mole of substrate. The potential of the biohydrogen produced to produce lectricity was tested using fuel cell. It was found that it can produce 11.477 W

The uptake of cadmium ios and its influence on the growth and production of some secondary metabolites in shoot cultures of solanum melongena

The aim of this study was to examine the response given by shoot cultures of solanum melongena upon uptaking of cadmium ions. From the results of this research, it could be stated that shoot cultures of solanum melongena were able to grow in the media containing 40 -60 uM cadmium ions, with the growth index greater than three; while application of higher concentration of that ions will result in the death of the cultures. The Cultures were able to remove 20.2-34.4% of the ions from media conatining 40-160 uM of the ions and accumulated them in their biomass. Application of the 120 uM cadmium ions to the media caused a decrease in total free phytosterols content (50.2%) of the cultures

Penggunaan Mnemonik Alkitab Model Paralel Untuk Mengingat Ayat-Ayat Alkitab

Mnemonics are related to remembering and recalling, and have been used for thousands of years. Mnemonic strategies have been used in various fields both psychology and medical. In this case the writer wants to examine the use of mnemonics in remembering Bible verses. The author conducted a literature study by examining a variety of relevant library sources. From the results of the analysis of several literature sources, parallel mnemonics can be used to help remember Bible verses. Mnemonics can help the process of remembering because it involves the media and associations so that it helps the senses in remembering. Mnemonik berkaitan dengan mengingat dan ingatan, serta telah digunakan ribuan tahun. Strategi mnemonik telah digunakan dalam berbagai bidang baik psikologi maupun medis. Dalam hal ini penulis ingin mencermati pemanfaatan mnemonik dalam mengingat  ayat-ayat Alkitab. Penulis melakukan studi pustaka dengan mencermati berbagai sumber pustaka relevan. Dari hasil analisis beberapa sumber pustaka, mnemonik parallel yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengingat ayat Alkitab. Mnemonik dapat membantu proses mengingat karena melibatkan media dan asosiasi sehingga menolong indera dalam mengingat

Studi Efek Pemberian Probiotik Multistrain terhadap Parameter Klinis Diabetes Melitus: Review Sistematik

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the study of the effects of multistrain probiotics on clinical parameters in diabetes mellitus to determine the condition of blood glucose and HbA1c so as to trigger inflammation. The research method uses a systematic review with the online scientific database Google Scholar, PubMed, Researchgate according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this systematic review showed that 13 articles that had been extracted discussed the effects of giving probiotics as an alternative secondary treatment for complications of diabetes mellitus and 5 articles that were in accordance with the research objectives. From the results of a systematic review, it was concluded that probiotic treatment can reduce the level of resistance to HbA1c, GDP, GD2P and inflammatory mediator parts of diabetes mellitus.   Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, Probiotics, Proinflammatio

Fitoremediasi Ion Kadmium Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Akumulasinya Dalam Biomassa Kultur Tunas Musa Paradisiaca

This research was aimed at observing the removal of cadmium ions from mediaby shoot cultures of Musa paradisiaca and its influence on the growth and accumulation of the ions in their biomass. The results showed that the shoot cultures of Musa paradisiaca var. saba were able to grow in media containing cadmium ions up to the concentration of 15 ppm with the greatest growth index was at 2 ppm of cadmium ions. These cultures could remove cadmium ions as much as 1.462 ppm from media containing 15 ppm of those ions

Produk Ekstrak Kering Kulit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum Cassia) Organik Sebagai Agen Anti-Inflamasi

Produk Ekstrak Kering Kulit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum Cassia) Organik Sebagai Agen Anti-Inflamasi Invensi ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas produk ekstrak kering kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum cassia) organik sebagai agen anti-inflamasi (anti keradangan), sebagai bukti saintifik yang mendasari pemanfaatan lebih lanjut ekstrak kulit kayu manis untuk treatment penyakit yang terkait dengan inflamasi. Parameter yang diukur meliputi konsentrasi akhir di mana ekstrak tidak toksik (aman) bagi sel, berupa pengukuran % viabilitas sel; dan level ekspresi/indeks ekspresi relatif dari sitokin pro- inflamasi IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, dan TGF-β1, serta indeks ekspresi relatif dari sitokin anti-inflamasi IL-10. Tujuan akhir dari invensi ini telah dicapai dengan diperolehnya konsentrasi akhir yang tidak toksik (aman) bagi sel yaitu sampai 12.5 μg/mL, penurunan level ekspresi/indeks ekspresi relatif dari sitokin-sitokin pro-inflamasi IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, dan TGF-β1 di satu sisi serta peningkatan indeks ekspresi relatif dari sitokin anti- inflamasi IL-10 di sisi yang lain pada konsentrasi akhir ekstrak yang paling baik untuk sel sebesar 12.5 μg/mL. Invensi produk ekstrak kering kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum cassia) ini dapat dikembangkan menjadi produk komersial dalam bentuk suplemen kesehatan maupun pangan fungsional yang cocok digunakan dalam treatment penyakit-penyakit inflamasi (penyakit terkait respons imun), terlebih pada penggunaan jangka panjang

Rooting and Acclimatization of The Selected Cultures of Musa paradisiaca in Media Containing Copper Ions

From the previous research in plant tissue cultures, the promising results was obtained, i.e. shoot cultures of Musa paradisiaca var. saba were able to grow on media containing copper ions with concentration up to 20 part per million (ppm) and could remove 1.631 ppm of the ions and accumulate them in their biomass. Then, this research is targeted to cultivate the resulting selected cultures on rooting media and then acclimate them on normal soil and soil containing various concentrations of copper with an intention to get plants that are able to reduce the contamination of copper ions in contaminated soil. From the results of this project it is clear that Murashige Skoog (MS) media without any addition of Naphthalene Acetic acid (NAA) has already been able to induce the formation of roots of the selected shoot cultures. Up to the end of this research period, the completely growing cultures are able to be acclimated on normal soil and soil containing copper ions up to 25 ppm and the acclimated cultures (regenerant plants) can accumulate promisingly as much as 2.122 ppm of them in their biomass from soil containing 25 ppm copper ions