Determination of EC50 of Cd and Evaluation of Growth and Biochemical Response of Palak Plants (Beta Vulgaris) to Different Cd Treatments

491-498This study was designed to evaluate the growth, biochemical response and Cd accumulation pattern of Palak (Beta vulgaris), variety of All green H1 plants for a range of Cd treatments [control (0), 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L) at two sampling stages, 25 days after germination (25 DAG) and 50 DAG. The present research also quantified the EC50 value of Cd for 50% biomass inhibition in palak plants. Increasing Cd concentration had pessimistic effects on growth and biomass. Plant height, biomass, total leaf area and yield decreased significantly on increasing Cd treatment at the two sampling stages (p<0.05). EC50 for biomass reduction was found to be 27.42 mg/L. Total phenols, thiols and MDA content elevated on increasing Cd concentration. Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a and b reduced significantly by 50.81% and 48.88%, respectively at highest 50 mg/L Cd treatment. A significant interaction (p<0.05) of Cd treatment × plant age was found on Cd content analysis at the two sampling stages, Cd content increased with increasing treatment duration

Determination of EC50 of Cd and evaluation of growth and biochemical response of Palak plants (Beta vulgaris L.) to different Cd treatments.

This study was designed to evaluate the growth, biochemical response and Cd accumulation pattern of Palak (Beta vulgaris), variety of All green H1 plants for a range of Cd treatments [control (0), 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L) at two sampling stages, 25 days after germination (25 DAG) and 50 DAG. The present research also quantified the EC50 value of Cd for 50% biomass inhibition in palak plants. Increasing Cd concentration had pessimistic effects on growth and biomass. Plant height, biomass, total leaf area and yield decreased significantly on increasing Cd treatment at the two sampling stages (p&lt;0.05). EC50 for biomass reduction was found to be 27.42 mg/L. Total phenols, thiols and MDA content elevated on increasing Cd concentration. Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a and b reduced significantly by 50.81% and 48.88%, respectively at highest 50 mg/L Cd treatment. A significant interaction (p&lt;0.05) of Cd treatment × plant age was found on Cd content analysis at the two sampling stages, Cd content increased with increasing treatment duration

Typification and taxonomic notes on species of Muhlenbergia Schreb. (Poaceae, Muhlenbergiinae) in India

The present paper deals with typification for two names in the genus Muhlenbergia i.e. M. duthieana and M. himalayensis. Furthermore, taxonomy of all Indian species for the same has been provided along with taxonomic key for correct identification

Seasonal variations in adaptational strategies of Beta vulgaris L. plants in response to ambient air pollution: Biomass allocation, yield and nutritional quality

Seasonal variations and effects of ambient air pollutants on palak (Beta vulgaris L. var. Allgreen) plants were investigated with respect to root, shoot length, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area and root and shoot biomass at a suburban site situated in dry tropical area of India, experiencing elevated levels of ambient air pollutants. Air monitoring data showed that mean concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were higher during winter, whereas O3 was the major air pollutant during summer. Plants grown in non filtered chambers showed stunted growth, reductions in biomass and yield and modification in biomass allocation pattern as compared to those grown in charcoal filtered air. Magnitudes of changes in various parameters were more in summer than winter season. Nutritional quality of palak was also negatively affected in non filtered chambers during winter but there was no significant change in nutritional quality during summer season. Biomass allocation pattern revealed that during summer photosynthate allocation to roots reduced with consequent increment in leaf weight ratio, which helped in sustaining nutritional quality of palak even after more yield reductions in NFCs as compared to FCs. This study depicts the variations in adaptational strategies of palak in two different seasons

Modelling ambient PM2.5 exposure at an ultra-high resolution and associated health burden in megacity Delhi: exposure reduction target for 2030

Deriving hyperlocal information about fine particulate matter (PM _2.5 ) is critical for quantifying exposure disparities and managing air quality at neighborhood scales in cities. Delhi is one of the most polluted megacities in the world, where ground-based monitoring was limited before 2017. Here we estimate ambient PM _2.5 exposure at 100 m × 100 m spatial resolution for the period 2002–2019 using the random forest model. The model-predicted daily and annual PM _2.5 show a ten-fold cross-validation R ^2 of 0.91 and 0.95 and root mean square error of 19.3 and 9.7 μ g m ^−3 , respectively, against coincident ground measurements from the Central Pollution Control Board ground network. Annual mean PM _2.5 exposure varied in the range of 90–160 μ g m ^−3 in Delhi, with shifts in local hotspots and a reduction in spatial heterogeneity over the years. Mortality burden attributable to ambient PM _2.5 in Delhi increased by 49.7% from 9188 (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 6241–12 161) in 2002 to 13 752 (10 065–19 899) in 2019, out of which only 16% contribution was due to the rise in PM _2.5 exposure. The mortality burden in 2002 and 2019 are found to be higher by 10% and 3.1%, respectively, for exposure assessment at 100 m scale relative to the estimates with 1 km scale. The proportion of diseases in excess mortality attributable to ambient PM _2.5 exposure remained similar over the years. Delhi can meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 target of reducing the non-communicable disease burden attributable to PM _2.5 by one-third in 2030 relative to 2015 by reducing ambient PM _2.5 exposure below the World Health Organization’s first interim target of 35 μ g m ^−3 . Our results demonstrate that machine learning can be a useful tool in exposure modelling and air quality management at a hyperlocal scale in cities

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Effect of Selected Bio-agents and Botanical on Alternarial Leafspot of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the important spice crops of Apiaceae family. Coriander seeds are used as medicine to cure indigestion, dysentery, vomiting as well as cold and like all other green leafy vegetables, its leaves are a rich source of vitamins, minerals and iron. The country's annual production of coriander seeds in the year 2021 was over 822 thousand metric tons cultivated over 2.92 lakh hectares. Alternarial leaf spot of Coriander which is caused by Alternaria alternata is one major disease in the coriander. The Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtillis and Garlic extract were tested under field conditions during rabi season 2021 for their efficacy against the disease and growth &amp; yield parameters. Among the treatments the maximum plant height (cm) at 90 DAS was recorded in T2 – Trichoderma viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by T3 – Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to untreated check control T0. The maximum number of branches at 45 DAS was recorded in T2 – Trichoderma viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by T3 – Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to untreated check control T0. The maximum root length at 90 DAS was recorded in T5– Trichoderma viride+ Bacillus subtillis followed by T2 – Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to untreated check control T0. The minimum disease intensity (%) at 75 DAS was recorded in T2 – Trichoderma viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens, followed by T1–Trichoderma viride as compared to untreated check control T0. The maximum yield (q/acre) of onion was recorded T4 –Trichoderma viride +Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by T1 – Trichoderma viride as compared to untreated control T0

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Kumar A., Gururani K., Gupta S., Tiwari A., Tripathi M.K., Pandey D. (2021) Seed Storage Proteins and Amino Acids Synthetic Pathways and Their Regulation in Cereals with Reference to Biologically and Nutritionally Important Proteins and Bioactive Peptides in Millets. In: Kumar A., Tripathi M.K., Joshi D., Kumar V. (eds) Millets and Millet Technology. Springer, SingaporeAlthough the food systems in developing countries have changed dramatically since the green revolution, malnutrition still remains a challenge and is now known to include the concurrent dimensions of under-nourishment and micronutrient deficiency as a serious issue in developing as well as developed countries. An average cereal protein value of 10% will give us the total cereal protein production of approximately 17 million tons annually. The accumulation of seed protein is a complicated characteristic and seed storage proteins are proteins that considerably accumulate in developing seed, whose principal role is to behave as the nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur storage reserve. These proteins are mobilized quickly during the germination of seeds and are the principal cause of nitrogen reduction to increasing plantings. In particular, the enzymatic functions of seed storage proteins are not known although proteins are structurally distinct in storage from various crops, they all have certain prevalent features. Plant storage proteins may be categorized into two categories; proteins from seed storage (SSPs) and plant storage (VSPs). SSPs are a group of proteins that accumulate in seeds at high concentrations in the late stages of seed development, whereas VSPs are protein accumulation in vegetative tissues, such as roots and tubers, based on plant species. SSPs are depleted during germination, and the subsequent amino acids are used as a food source by the growing seedlings. The most popular proteins in crops are the SSPs and the most commonly consumed plant proteins by human beings are crop proteins. Millets are considered as an enriched source of many essential amino acids derived from many quality proteins. According to World Health Organization, the proteins harboring more than 40% essential amino acids are called quality proteins and upon digestion and hydrolytic cleavage, several bioactive peptides having multiple health attributes are generated. In this chapter, we have briefly described about the proteins and peptides and their role in nutritional improvement present in millet.Not Availabl