Effect of supplementing bacterial probiotics on microbial protein synthesis, blood indices and rumen ciliate protozoa population of lactating crossbred cattle in Nepal

In recent times, the dairy industry in Nepal has been recognized as a burgeoning agro-industry, successfully meeting the domestic demand for fluid milk. Nevertheless, further efforts are necessary to achieve self-sufficiency in dairy products. To enhance milk production, alongside breed improvement and health management initiatives, nutritional interventions have been identified as crucial. In this context, a study was conducted in Rampur, Chitwan, focusing on the supplementation of diverse strains of bacterial probiotics in lactating crossbred cattle to evaluate their effects on microbial protein synthesis, animal health assessed through blood indices, and changes in rumen fauna. The findings of the study revealed that the inclusion of bacterial probiotics resulted in notable improvements in the overall excretion of purine derivatives. Specifically, the individual excretion of allantoin, xanthine, and hypoxanthine significantly increased (p<0.01) in the group supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus, while uric acid levels remained unchanged. Consequently, microbial nitrogen supply and absorption also showed a significant increase within the same group. However, blood hematological and biochemical parameters remained unaffected across all treatment groups. Moreover, the supplementation did not induce any notable changes in the individual or overall population of rumen ciliate protozoa. The study underscores that the use of L. acidophilus can enhance the overall protein economy of the rumen, thus potentially reducing production costs by substituting expensive sources of dietary protein for lactating crossbred dairy cows

Effect of N, P & K on Fruiting, Yield and Fruit Quality in Guava cv. Pant Prabhat

Response of various combinations of NPK on fruiting, yield and fruit quality were studied in guava cv. Pant Prabhat in a field experiment, over two years. Treatments comprised of three different levels of nitrogen (0, 75 and 150g/plant/year), phosphorus (0, 50 and 100g P2O5/plant/year) and potassium (0, 75 and 150g K2O/plant/ year) in all the possible 27 combinations. Treatments with higher nitrogen level attained maximum yield and fruiting compared to treatments with lower nitrogen levels, in combination with phosphorus and potassium. Maximum yield of 69.64, 60.72 kg/plant and 22.66, 26.35 kg/plant, and, fruit set of 73.23%, 75.07%, 34.73% and 35.65% were recorded with 150g N, 50g P2O5 and 75g K2O/plant/year in the rainy and winter seasons in both years, respectively, while treatment combinations with high potassium level recorded higher ascorbic acid and sugar content in the fruit

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 􀇧 MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF CLERODENDRUM SERRATUM L.: A TRADITIONAL PLANT OF INDIA

Objective: Clerodendrum serratum (L.) belonging to family Verbenaceae, commonly known as Bharangi, is a popular plant across various communities of India. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a unique technique to prospect various volatile principles and semivolatile compounds.Materials and Methods: The phytoconstituents present in the root of n-hexane extract were evaluated by GC-MS using Clarus 500 mass spectrometer.Results and Discussions: A total of 15 constituents were identified and characterized from the roots of C. serratum L. All the 15 compounds were tabulated with their retention time, percentage peak area, molecular formula, molecular weight, and Chemical Abstracts Service number. Out of all the compounds, 60% comprises the oxygenated compounds. Compound hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, and benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) showed highest percentage about 6.5 and 74.9, respectively.Conclusion: This study showed the presence of 15 compounds ranging from alkane, alkene as longest chain along with ester, aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO- ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM SERRATUM L.

Objective: The intent  of this report  was to investigate the effect of aqueous root extract of Clerodendrum serratum L. for antioxidant activity using divergent models viz. DPPH scavenging assay, Superoxide scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay.Materials and Methods: The root of C. serratum was extracted using water. The yield of aqueous extract was 10%w/w. The outcome was examined statistically by the regression method.Results and discussions: The IC50 values are 85.43 µg/ml and 107.59 µg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging and Superoxide scavenging assay respectively whereas  FRAP showed significant reducing power activity with increased concentration of sample. The pilot study showed, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage engrossment of free radicals.Conclusion: The antioxidant property may be corresponding to the polyphenols and flavonoids adjacent in the extract. These results clearly revealed that C. serratum might be effective against diseases analogous with free radical mediated. Keywords Clerodendrum serratum, DPPH, Superoxide, FRAP, Rutin, Antioxidan

Risk Factors Associated with Frozen Shoulder among Nepalese Population: A Hospital-based Comparative Study

Introduction: Frozen shoulder is one of the common musculoskeletal disorders characterized by pain and restriction of motion of the shoulder joint. It is also considered a common self-limiting regional skeletal problem. This study aimed to evaluate related risk factors for frozen shoulders. Methods: This was a hospital-based comparative study involving 60 patients with a diagnosed frozen shoulder in the out-patient department as cases and 60 patients hospitalized during the same period with non-shoulder-related complaints as controls. A face-to-face interview was taken. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 120 consecutive subjects (60 patients with frozen shoulders and 60 controls) were taken. The mean age of cases was 54.7±3.21 years and that of controls was 42.08±2.74 years. Among the frozen shoulder patients, 33.3% had diabetes and 15% had a history of thyroid disorder. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age, diabetes mellitus, and thyroid dysfunction as independent risk factors for frozen shoulder (p<0.05). The frozen shoulder patients also had a higher prevalence of cardiac diseases and cervical spondylosis than the controls. No significant difference was found in body mass index, cholecystitis, history of surgical intervention, and uric acid level between the frozen shoulder group and the control group. Conclusions: The study findings indicated that diabetes, thyroid disease, and advanced age have been significantly associated with increased frozen shoulders

Overview Of In-Situ Gelling System For Diabetic Wound

The "in situ gel" system has become one of the best innovative drug delivery methods; thanks to its unique property of "Sol to Gel" transition, it aids in the prolonged and regulated release of the pharmaceuticals. An in situ gelling system is a formulation that, before entering the body, is in solution form but transforms into a gel under different physiological circumstances. Different polymers can potentially be utilized for different drug administration routes and go through in situ gel formation. In situ gelling systems have a variety of uses and benefits in modern society. The introduction to in situ gel, its mechanism, the numerous polymers utilized, and its applications are the primary topics of this paper. Through a challenging biological process known as wound healing, damaged tissues are rebuilt and skin integrity is recovered. Insulin, a crucial component in wound healing, has been proven in numerous studies to speed up the healing of a variety of wounds in both people and animals. Despite the fact that several research have looked at how systemic insulin can treat burn wounds, relatively few have looked at how well topical insulin works. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the information on the effects of topical insulin on both diabetic and non-diabetic wound healing. Topical insulin improves quicker wound healing through a variety of mechanisms without causing any harmful side effects, according to published animal and clinical experiments. Additionally, a number of wound dressings that deliver bioactive insulin gradually and regularly hasten the healing process. Therefore, topical insulin has been valued in the field of wound healing, and additional research is required to better understand the role of insulin in the healing of different types of wound

Spectroscopic Investigation of Manganese (II) Bakelite Composite

ABSTRACT: Manganese (II) Bakelite composite were prepared by incorporating polymer reactants of Bakelite in prepared homogeneous solution of MnCl 2 .4H 2 O salt in distilled water. It was characterised by FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results reported the feasibility of composite formation

Replacement of concentrate mixture with different levels of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in basal diet on feed intake and production performance of piglets

An experiment was conducted on weaned piglets at Piggery Research Unit of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Sunsari from 12 September to 4 December 2019 for 84 days after adjustment period of seven days. Twenty piglets after weaning of 4-6 months age were allocated into four treatments each with 5 replications by using Completely Randomized Design. Four type of experimental diets were composed for experimental piglets. Piglets of T1 (control) group were provided adlib concentrate mixture, 95% concentrate feed + 5% water hyacinth (WH) were given to T2 group, 90% concentrate feed + 10 WH were offered to T3 group and piglets of T4 group were fed 85% concentrate feed + 15% WH as per their daily requirement. Feed and water hyacinth intake were recorded daily and body weight gain was measured once a week. Experiment revealed that feed and WH intake was highly significant (p<0.001) among treatment groups. Highest total body weight gain was obtained in control group (T1) (37.66 kg) followed by T3 (34.91 kg) and T2 (34.25 kg) which was non-significant among diet groups. Similarly, highest average daily gain was observed higher for T1 (control) group (448 g /day) followed by T3 and T2 group (415.59 and 407.73 g/day, respectively). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was observed almost similar in all treatment groups (1:2 kg). Experiment suggested that concentrate mixture can be safely replaced with WH up to 15% without any adverse effect on body weight gain