Advancing the Role of Food Processing for Improved Integration in Sustainable Food Chains

Food scientists need to work together with agriculturists, nutritionists, civil society, and governments to develop an integrative approach to feed a growing population sustainably. Current attention on food sustainability mainly concentrates on production agriculture and on nutrition, health, and well-being. Food processing, the necessary conversion of raw materials to edible, functional, and culturally acceptable food products, is an important link between production and consumption within the food value chain. Without increased attention to the role of food processing for a maintainable food supply, we are unlikely to succeed in addressing the mounting challenges in delivering sustainable diets for all people. The objective is to draw on multidisciplinary insights to demonstrate why food processing is integral to a future food supply. We aim to exemplify the importance of essential relevant sustainability indicators and impact assessment for developing informed strategies to feed the world within planetary boundaries. We provide a brief outlook on sustainable food sources, review food processing, and recommend future directions. We highlight the challenges and suggest strategies for improving the sustainability of food systems, to hopefully provide a catalyst for considering implementable initiatives for improving food and nutrition security

Intelligent Surveillance System For Motion Detection Using Raspberry Pi

Motion detection is one of the key techniques for automatic video analysis to extract crucial information from scenes in video surveillance systems. The method of foreground and background detection start from second frame onwards it employs new object tracking method which detects and remove ghost objects rapidly while preserving abandon objects from decomposing into background. It mainly focuses to improve motion detection based on Low Computing system. This research project is carried out to determine some of the basic human motion detection algorithm that had been founded or developed or even researched in past. As, the report is mainly aimed for the readers that the architecture of a human motion detection system in applications. Also in recent years, Ambient Intelligence has attracted a number of researchers due to the widespread diffusion of unobtrusive sensing devices. Thus, the availability of acquired data has driven the interest of the scientific community in producing novel methods for combining raw measurements in order to understand what is happening in the monitored scenario. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15058

Impact of Different Anode Materials on Performance of Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are one of the most explored organic electronic devices. OLEDs are flexible, light-weight, have deep blacks and better contrast ratio when compared to other display technologies, therefore, they are considered to be the “bleeding edge” in display technology, wherein every flagship display device OLEDs are being used in place of LCDs. This paper essentially portrays how the anode material affects the overall device performance in OLEDs. Recent historical surveys have depicted that altering the work-function of the anode will have a huge impact on various performance parameters of the device. In this paper, we take six experimental device architectures, all similar but with different anode materials. The goal here is to enhance device performance. Different anode materials like graphene, PEDOT: PSS, PEDOT: PSS/GO composite are mainly compared with traditionally used ITO based anodes. An overall increment in luminance power, current density, electron-hole concentration, and exciton density is seen. PEDOT: PSS/GO composite anode also shows an enhanced performance of about 45% over ITO based OLED devices. It can also be used in various optoelectronic devices, owing to its transparency and smooth working operation. Further analysis has been done to examine the plots and graphs to see the viability of other experimental devices too

Assessing the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Functional Food Ingredient Production Process

Development and application of novel technologies in food processing is vital for ensuring the availability of adequate, safe, and convenient food with the desired quality and functional properties. Environmental and economic sustainability of technologies is essential prior to their application in the food processing sector. The objective of this research is to determine the environmental and economic feasibility of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for recovering functional food ingredients from seaweed. Experimental data is used to conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental performance with a functional unit (FU) of obtaining 1 g of extracted polyphenols, measured as gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE)/g seaweed. A life cycle impact assessment is performed with ReCiPe 2016 at midpoint. The cost of manufacturing (COM) of phenolic-rich extracts (as functional ingredient, bioactive, or nutraceutical) is estimated using time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC). The environmental profile findings show that across all categories, the UAE has considerably lower impacts than the conventional method, with electricity as the most important impact contributor, followed by solvent production. An economic assessment estimates the COM over a one-year period at a large scale using the UAE to be EUR 1,200,304, EUR 2,368,440, and EUR 4,623,290 for extraction vessel capacities of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 m3, respectively. Raw materials (including the type of raw material) and operational labour costs are the primary contributors to the COM. The findings thus present evidence to support the adoption of an environmentally and economically viable technology for functional ingredient production

3D mammalian cell culture models in toxicology testing

3D cell culture can be successfully used as an alternative to laboratory animals, and as a cost effective and time-saving tissue culture technique, which also reduces the trial period for drug testing

EVALUATION OF OCULAR FILMS OF OFLOXACIN FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Objective: The current study emphasizes on the treatment of ocular infection with objectives of reducing the frequency of administration, obtaining controlled release and greater therapeutic efficacy of the drug (ofloxacin) using ocular films.Methods: Ocular films were designed by solvent evaporation method containing a different combination of polymers. The folding endurance (mechanical strength) was determined by the number of folds at a specific single place required to break the film into two parts. Thickness was measured using screw gauze. The surface pH was done by pH paper. The percentage moisture absorption was carried out by placing the ocular films in a desiccator containing ammonium chloride. Percentage moisture loss was carried out by placing the ocular films in the desiccator containing anhydrous calcium chloride. in vitro drug release study were carried by using a modified version of franz diffusion cell. Stability study were carried using stability chambers as per ICH guidelines. The antibacterial activity was performed by using male albino rabbits.Results: The thickness and folding endurance of the films were in the range of 44±1.1 to 92±1.8 and 4.5±0.6 to 6.8±0.3, respectively for different formulations. Surface pH was evaluated in the range of 6.6 to 7.2. Percentage moisture absorption and percentage moisture loss were evaluated in the range of 1.17±1.1 to 6.72±1.5 and 0.58±0.9 to 1.23±0.9 respectively. Microbial growth was not observed in any formulation during sterility testing. The drug release for different batch codes PAH, PBE, PCP, PDC, PEEH, and PFEC was found to be 96.2, 56.9, 93.4, 94.5, 98.4 and 95.9 % respectively up to 12 h. Ocular films of batch code PEEH was optimized for maximum drug release (98.4%). The antibacterial effect was noted periodically (01 to 05 d) after administration of sterile formulation in the treated eyes vs. control eyes of each rabbit. The optimized batch PEEH of ocular films reduced the infection and redness completely within 3 d in a single dose.Conclusion: The optimized formulation would be able to offer benefits such as increased residence time, prolonged drug release, reduced frequency of administration and improved patient compliance with complete removal of inflammation and redness from the cul-de-sac

Supratentorial Duraplasty with an Absorbable Synthetic Material: An Exprimental study in a Rabbit Model

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE : To study the efficacy of an absorbable synthetic material as a dural substitute. The parameters studied: - Incidence of post-operative CSF leaks, wound infections, cerebro meningeal and graft bone adhesion, inflammatory changes in the brain and the graft, neodura formation and graft resorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Experiment was conducted on tweleve healthy rabbits, biparietal craniotomy was done in each rabbit and artificial dural was grafted on one side and the other side was used as control. The animals were sacrificed at one month and three months interval. Macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed on the brain, graft site and the overlying bone. RESULTS : There was no post-operative CSF leaks, wound infections, and the microscopic examination of the graft dura and the brain showed no cerebro-graft adhesion, or graft bone adhesion but there was foreign body type granulomatous inflammation seen at the place of the graft in all the rabbits in both groups (one month and three months). There was mild acute inflammatory reaction in the brain in two rabbits (16.67%) on the side of the graft (no. 6 and no. 7). There was no graft seen either in the one month or the three month group rabbits and there was no neodura seen. CONCLUSION : The results are not promising for polycaprolactone to be used as an ideal dural graft in view of significant foriegn body type granulomatous reation at the site of dural graft. There was no neodura formation

Efficacy of animal origin products and ajwain powder against honey bee diseases in Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) colonies in Uttarakhand-A novel eco-friendly approach

The studies to manage the honey bee bacterial European foul brood ( EFB) disease caused by Melisococcus plutonius and ectoparasitic brood mite disease caused by Varroa destructor in the colonies of Apis mellifera (L.) at different locations of Uttarakhand were conducted during 2012- 2013 by applying eco-friendly formulations i.e. spraying of cow urine (desi cow breed), plant decoctions prepared in cow urine, cow dung cake and cow dung ash powders , ajwain seed powder and compared to an antibiotic, terramycin sugar syrup and synthetic chemicals, sulphur and thymol powder with two applications in a month. The data revealed that the cow urine sprays @ 50, 75 and 100% reduced the disease infection to below detectable limit in 10 to 14 days, respectively, as terramycin treated infected colonies where only 50-55% recovery was seen in EFB infection with highest sealed worker brood areas ( SWBA) in cow urine treated honeybee colonies in comparison to terramycin and untreated colonies. Similarly, on the other hand, cow urine (100%) significantly reduced brood mite infestation (72.10%) with highest mean mite fall (48.73) and highest (SWBA) (854.00 cm2) followed by ajwain powder with reduction in brood mi te infestation(65.84%) with mite fall (46.39) and SWBA (749.00 cm2), cow dung powder with reduction in brood mite infestation (71.35%) ,mite fall ( 42.87), SWBA (682.33 cm2), , followed by cow dung ash powder, cow urine @ 25%, in comparison to plant decoctions prepared in cow urine, synthetic chemicals i.e. thymol and sulphur powder after 4 weeks of treatments. Thus, the animal origin products and ajwain powder can serve as apotential eco- friendly measure for management of honeybee diseases in A. mellifera colonies at different locations of Uttarakhand as they significantly increased sealed worker brood area without affecting the activities of workers, queen bee and bee brood in comparison to chemicals and plant decoctions

Investigating the influence of ultrasound pre-treatment on drying kinetics and moisture migration measurement in Lactobacillus sakei cultured and uncultured beef jerky

Low Frequency-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) was employed to elucidate changes in water distribution in cultured (Lactobacillus sakei) and uncultured beef jerky samples subjected to ultrasound pre-treatment. Ultrasound pre-treatment at frequencies of 25, 33 and 45 kHz for 30 min, followed by marination (18 h) was carried out for both cultured and uncultured jerky samples. Among the various kinetic models assessed, the Wang and Singh model provided the closest fit to the drying experimental data, with high R2 (≥0.994), low RMSE (≤0.023) and low AICc (100 ms (T22), respectively. Results presented in this study demonstrates that the ultrasound effect on drying behaviour was frequency dependent and that LF-NMR can be employed to evaluate moisture mobility and drying degree of beef jerky