Communication Across Four Generations

Cross-generational programs are enabling the elderly in America to become more involved in the education of our children. Special federal programs such as RSVP (Retired Senior Volunteers Program) and the Foster Grandparents Program have brought many older persons into schools to serve as aides, tutors, and volunteers. Local school districts and individual schools have developed programs involving the elderly with children. The elderly have shown they can use their love and concern for children, their knowledge of content, and their patience and skill in working with children to develop a warm, helping relationship as they help children grow and learn

Concurrent panel session 1: Challenges of economic growth & diversification & labor preparation in Las Vegas

Moderator: Dr. Mel Jameson, UNLV College of Business Scribe: Angela Moor, UNLV Department of History Conference white paper & Full summary of panel session, 6 page

The Forum: Fall 2005

Fall 2005 journal of the Honors Program at the University of North Dakota. The issue includes stories, poems, essays and art by undergraduate students.https://commons.und.edu/und-books/1058/thumbnail.jp

The Forum: Spring 2006

Spring 2006 journal of the Honors Program at the University of North Dakota. The issue includes stories, poems, essays and art by undergraduate students.https://commons.und.edu/und-books/1059/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 19, No. 2, Spring 1951

• An Address • The Departure • My First Night in La Vie Boheme • Sixty-Six • The Painting • What Will the Neighbors Say? • Spring Air • Lines • Sunday Afternoon • Through the Glass • So Tired • Economy • Abyss • Poems • The Old Ladyhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1053/thumbnail.jp

Post-Discharge Risk of Mortality in Children Under Five Years of Age in Western Kenya: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Limited evidence suggests that children in sub-Saharan Africa hospitalized with all-cause severe anemia or severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are at high risk of dying in the first few months post-discharge. We aimed to compare the risks of post-discharge mortality by health condition among hospitalized children in an area with high malaria transmission in western Kenya. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among recently discharged children aged <5 years using mortality data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System that included household and pediatric in-hospital surveillance. Cox regression was used to compare post-discharge mortality. Between 2008 and 2013, overall, in-hospital mortality was 2∙8% (101/3,639). The mortality by six months post-discharge (primary outcome) was 6.2% (159/2,556) and highest in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) (21·6%), followed by severe anemia (15·5%), severe pneumonia (5·6%), ‘other conditions’ (5·6%), and severe malaria (0·7%). Overall, the six-month post-discharge mortality in children hospitalized with SAM (HR=3·95, 2·60-6·00, p<0∙001) or severe anemia (HR=2·55, 1·74-3·71, p<0.001) was significantly higher than in children without these conditions. Severe malaria was associated with lower 6-month post-discharge mortality (HR=0·33, 0·21-0·53, p<0.001). The odds of dying by six months post-discharge tended to be higher than during the in-hospital period for all children, except for those admitted with severe malaria. The first six months post-discharge is a high-risk period for mortality among children admitted with severe anemia and SAM in western Kenya. Strategies to address this risk period are urgently needed

Cryptic Leishmania infantum infection in Italian HIV infected patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a protozoan diseases caused in Europe by <it>Leishmania (L.) infantum</it>. Asymptomatic <it>Leishmania </it>infection is more frequent than clinically apparent disease. Among HIV infected patients the risk of clinical VL is increased due to immunosuppression, which can reactivate a latent infection. The aims of our study were to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic <it>L. infantum </it>infection in HIV infected patients and to study a possible correlation between <it>Leishmania </it>parasitemia and HIV infection markers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>One hundred and forty-five HIV infected patients were screened for the presence of anti-<it>Leishmania </it>antibodies and <it>L. infantum </it>DNA in peripheral blood. Statistical analysis was carried out by using a univariate regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Antibodies to <it>L. infantum </it>were detected in 1.4% of patients. <it>L. infantum </it>DNA was detected in 16.5% of patients. Significant association for PCR-<it>Leishmania </it>levels with plasma viral load was documented (p = 0.0001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In our area a considerable proportion of HIV infected patients are asymptomatic carriers of <it>L. infantum </it>infection. A relationship between high HIV viral load and high parasitemic burden, possibly related to a higher risk of developing symptomatic disease, is suggested. PCR could be used for periodic screening of HIV patients to individuate those with higher risk of reactivation of <it>L. infantum </it>infection.</p

Combined 23 Na and 13 C imaging at 3.0 Tesla using a single‐tuned large FOV birdcage coil

Purpose: An unmet need in carbon‐13 (13C)‐MRI is a transmit system that provides uniform excitation across a large FOV and can accommodate patients of wide‐ranging body habitus. Due to the small difference between the resonant frequencies, sodium‐23 (23Na) coil developments can inform 13C coil design while being simpler to assess due to the higher naturally abundant 23Na signal. Here we present a removable 23Na birdcage, which also allows operation as a 13C abdominal coil. Methods: We demonstrate a quadrature‐driven 4‐rung 23Na birdcage coil of 50 cm in length for both 23Na and 13C abdominal imaging. The coil transmit efficiencies and B 1 + maps were compared to a linearly driven 13C Helmholtz‐based (clamshell) coil. SNR was investigated with 23Na and 13C data using an 8‐channel 13C receive array within the 23Na birdcage. Results: The 23Na birdcage longitudinal FOV was > 40 cm, whereas the 13C clamshell was < 32 cm. The transmit efficiency of the birdcage at the 23Na frequency was 0.65 µT/sqrt(W), similar to the clamshell for 13C. However, the coefficient of variation of 23Na‐ B 1 + was 16%, nearly half that with the 13C clamshell. The 8‐channel 13C receive array combined with the 23Na birdcage coil generated a greater than twofold increase in 23Na‐SNR from the central abdomen compared with the birdcage alone. Discussion: This 23Na birdcage coil has a larger FOV and improved B 1 + uniformity when compared to the widely used clamshell coil design while also providing similar transmit efficiency. The coil has the potential to be used for both 23Na and 13C imaging

Hyperpolarized 13C-MRI of Tumor Metabolism Demonstrates Early Metabolic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

Purpose: To compare hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C)-MRI with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for detecting early treatment response in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this institutional review board-approved prospective study, one woman with triple-negative breast cancer (age 49) underwent 13C-MRI following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and DCE-MRI at 3 T at baseline and after a single cycle of neoadjuvant therapy. The 13C-lactate/13C-pyruvate ratio derived from hyperpolarized 13C-MRI and the pharmacokinetic parameters Ktrans and kep derived from DCE-MRI were compared, before and after treatment. Results: Exchange of the 13C-label between injected hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and the endogenous lactate pool was demonstrated, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. After one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a 34% reduction in the 13C-lactate/13C-pyruvate ratio was shown to correctly identify the patient as a responder to therapy, which was subsequently confirmed by a complete pathologic response. However, DCE-MRI showed an increase in the pharmacokinetic parameters Ktrans (132%) and kep (31%), which could be incorrectly interpreted as a poor response to treatment. Conclusion: Hyperpolarized 13C-MRI successfully identified response in breast cancer after a single cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and may improve response prediction when used in conjunction with multiparametric proton MRI.This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award, Cancer Research UK (CRUK; Grants C8742/A18097, C19212/ A16628, C19212/A911376, and C197/A16465), the Austrian Science Fund (Grant J4025-B26), the CRUK Cambridge Centre, the CRUK & Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, the Mark Foundation for Cancer Research and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre (Grant C9685/A25177), CRUK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator Award, Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust, the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, and Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust