Management zone delineation using a modified watershed algorithm

Le zonage intra-parcellaire est une méthode couramment utilisée pour gérer la variabilité intra-parcellaire. Ce concept consiste à partitionner une parcelle en zones de management selon une ou plusieurs caractéristiques du sol et/ou du couvert végétal de cette parcelle. Cet article propose une méthode de zonage originale, basée sur l'utilisation d'une méthode de segmentation d'image puissante et rapide : l'algorithme de ligne de partage des eaux. Cet algorithme d'analyse d'image a été adapté aux spécificités de l'agriculture de précision. Les performances de notre méthodes ont été testées sur des cartes biophysiques haute résolution de plusieurs champs de blé situés en Bourgogne. / Site-specific management (SSM) is a common way to manage within-field variability. This concept divides fields into site-specific management zones (SSMZ) according to one or several soil or crop characteristics. This paper proposes an original methodology for SSMZ delineation which is able to manage different kinds of crop and/or soil images using a powerful segmentation tool: the watershed algorithm. This image analysis algorithm was adapted to the specific constraints of precision agriculture. The algorithm was tested on high-resolution bio-physical images of a set of fields in France.ZONAGE;PARCELLE;TELEDETECTION;BLE;SEGMENTATION D'IMAGE;AGRICULTURE DE PRECISION;FRANCE;BOURGOGNE;PRECISION AGRICULTURE;MANAGEMENT ZONES;REMOTE SENSING;IMAGE ANALYSIS;WATERSHED SEGMENTATION

Yield sensing technologies for perennial and annual horticultural crops: a review

Yield maps provide a detailed account of crop production and potential revenue of a farm. This level of details enables a range of possibilities from improving input management, conducting on-farm experimentation, or generating profitability map, thus creating value for farmers. While this technology is widely available for field crops such as maize, soybean and grain, few yield sensing systems exist for horticultural crops such as berries, field vegetable or orchards. Nevertheless, a wide range of techniques and technologies have been investigated as potential means of sensing crop yield for horticultural crops. This paper reviews yield monitoring approaches that can be divided into proximal, either direct or indirect, and remote measurement principles. It reviews remote sensing as a way to estimate and forecast yield prior to harvest. For each approach, basic principles are explained as well as examples of application in horticultural crops and success rate. The different approaches provide whether a deterministic (direct measurement of weight for instance) or an empirical (capacitance measurements correlated to weight for instance) result, which may impact transferability. The discussion also covers the level of precision required for different tasks and the trend and future perspectives. This review demonstrated the need for more commercial solutions to map yield of horticultural crops. It also showed that several approaches have demonstrated high success rate and that combining technologies may be the best way to provide enough accuracy and robustness for future commercial systems

Cell-penetrating nanobiosensors for pointillistic intracellular Ca 2+-transient detection

Small-molecule chemical calcium (Ca2+) indicators are invaluable tools for studying intracellular signaling pathways but have severe shortcomings for detecting local Ca2+ entry. Nanobiosensors incorporating functionalized quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as promising alternatives but their intracellular use remains a major challenge. We designed cell-penetrating FRET-based Ca2+ nanobiosensors for the detection of local Ca2+ concentration transients, using commercially available CANdot565QD as a donor and CaRuby, a custom red-emitting Ca2+ indicator, as an acceptor. With Ca2+-binding affinities covering the range of 3-20 μM, our CaRubies allow building sensors with a scalable affinity for detecting intracellular Ca2+ transients at various concentrations. To facilitate their cytoplasmic delivery, QDs were further functionalized with a small cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) derived from hadrucalcin (HadUF1-11: H11), a ryanodine receptor-directed scorpion toxin identified within the venom of Hadrurus gertschi. Efficient internalization of QDs doubly functionalized with PEG5-CaRuby and H11 (in a molar ratio of 1:10:10, respectively) is demonstrated. In BHK cells expressing a N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) construct, these nanobiosensors report rapid intracellular near-membrane Ca2+ transients following agonist application when imaged by TIRF microscopy. Our work presents the elaboration of cell-penetrating FRET-based nanobiosensors and validates their function for detection of intracellular Ca2+ transients. © 2014 American Chemical Society

Etat de l'art sur les outils et méthodes utilisés en viticulture de précision

International audienc

Nouvelles technologies pour caractériser la variabilite spatiale en viticulture

International audienceMeasurements of parameters spatialy positionned, with on line sensors mounted on classical machinery or airborne imagery is no more a problem in viticulture. In a short time, high resolution data dedicated to the assessment of the vine characteristics, the soil, the harvest, etc. will become a reality. This information sources will allow the wine grower to have a spatial accurate knowledge of the vineyard and its variability. Such an accuracy in monitoring the production system was never achieved until now. This paper makes a brief overview of the tools and methods already released or under development to assess the vineyard variability of the main parameters. This work makes also an overview of the main references in vineyard variability. It presents the main results observed on yield, sugar, TTA, etc. within field variability. For each of these parameters clues on magnitude of variation and coefficient of variation observed at a within field scale are given. Assessing the within field variability can lead the wine grower to take advantage of this variability by adopting site specific management practices. In that case, information of the spatial structure of the variation is of importance since it gives an idea of how a site specific management is opportune on each field. This work will present the main results obtained in spatial structure assessment in viticulture (focusing on yield). Finally, one of the keypoint in viticulture is the assessment of the plant water restriction and its variability whether over the time or over the space. This work presents main experimental results dedicated to the assessment of the within field variability of the plant water status and its link with harvest quality.La mesure de paramètres localisés géographiquement, en ligne grâce à des capteurs embarqués sur machine ou grâce à des images aériennes ne présente plus d'obstacles majeur en viticulture. A très court terme, la mesure spatialisée à haute résolution et systématique de paramètres sur la plante et le sol va donc devenir une réalité en viticulture. Ces sources d'information permettent d'accéder à une connaissance fine des systèmes de production qu'il était difficile d'appréhender avec des systèmes de mesure classiques. Ce document fait un rapide état de l'art sur les techniques existantes ou en cours de développement permettant d'appréhender la variabilité spatiale des principaux paramètres en viticulture. Il fait également un état de l'art sur les principaux ordres de grandeur rencontrés dans plusieurs vignobles du monde en matière de variabilité spatiale (amplitude de variation, coefficient de variation) pour les principaux paramètres. La connaissance de la variabilité intra-parcellaire peut amener à modifier l'itinéraire cultural. Dans ce cas une information importante est la structure spatiale de la variabilité afin de déterminer s'il est possible ou non de gérer les variations observées. Ce document présente les principaux résultats obtenus dans ce domaine en viticulture. Un des paramètres clés de la gestion des vignobles est la contrainte hydrique et sa variabilité tant spatiale que temporelle. Ce papier présente les principaux résultats de recherche dédiés à l'estimation de la variabilité spatiale de la contrainte hydrique et à son lien éventuel avec la qualité de la vendange. stabilité temporelle

Le Mas Numérique: A new model to promote on-farm innovation among digital service providers and to support adoption

International audienceThe objective of the article is to present the results of a project that led to the design and development of a long-term digital Mediterranean farm (commercial wine estate) in the south of France. This farm is intended to demonstrate both the technical and functional interest of digital agricultural tools being adopted by winegrowers and technical services. It presents the original collaboration, the organisation and the financing model that was chosen in order to design a real digital farm with continually up-to-date and updating agri-technologies. This model is new and brings industry, academic and consultancy into the process and allows the digital farm to be continually supported. In 2019, there were 15 digital services embedded on the farm to answer practical issues related to production management and crop protection as well as practical issues related to the interoperability of these services. This model has promoted on-farm interoperability experimentation by digital agriculture service providers and led to new services to fill information gaps

Production gap analysis: an operational approach to yield gap analysis using historical high-resolution yield data sets

International audienceYield potential has major interests in agronomic modelling such as for the computation of fertilizer recommendations. Most precise estimates of this potential can be generated with crop modelling approaches. However, such potential is often theoretical because it has never been obtained in the field and requires lots of input data to be computed, e.g. soil characteristics, management practices. In this study, a decomposition of this theoretical yield potential into a series of intermediate and more realistic potentials, denoted here production potentials, is proposed. This work comes along with a simple method relying on historical high-resolution yield datasets to compute site-specific production potentials and production gaps, i.e. the differences between actual yield and production potentials. Application of the methodology to a real database of yield mapping has proved of interest to identify areas with similar production potentials but different production gaps. Advantages and concerns regarding the use of such production potentials are discussed at the end of the study