Effects of early neonatal proinflammatory stress on the expression of BDNF transcripts in the brain regions of prepubertal male rats

Early postnatal proinflammatory stress provokes behavioral impairments in adulthood; however, underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in neuroplastic changes in health as well as at pathology. The BDNF gene is transcribed to exon-specific mRNAs and the pattern of their expression depends on stimulus. We suggest that disturbances of exonspecific BDNF mRNA expression in the brain regions after stress induced by proinflammatory stimuli in early postnatal period could be one of the underlying mechanisms of consequent behavioral impairments. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of proinflammatory stress in early postnatal ontogeny on the expression of BDNF and the patterns of expression of the BDNF gene in the neocortex and hippocampus of prepubertal male rats. The proinflammatory stress was induced by subcutaneous administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rat pups on postnatal days 3 and 5, while BDNF expression was analyzed in 36-day-old rats. BDNF polypeptide concentration was estimated by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by reverse transcription was used to detect exon-specific BDNF mRNA expression. The levels of BDNF and transcripts, containing common exon IX were similar in the control and LPS-treated rats. In the rats treated with LPS, the level of BDNF mRNA, containing exon IV, was lower in the neocortex, but not in the hippocampus. No changes in the expression of the transcripts containing exons I and VI were observed in any brain structure studied. We suggest that specific alterations in BDNF expression may be involved in the susceptibility to the development of behavioral impairments of animals subjected to early proinflammatory stress

Принципы разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций

Objective: to review legislative and regulatory legal acts and other documents and consider the changing requirements for the development of medical care standards and the current standard form, to determine the key principles and methodology for the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines.Material and methods. The article reviews the provisions of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011, No. 323-FZ “On fundamentals of health care in the Russian Federation”, which establishes the requirements for the development of medical care standards. A review of the procedure for the development of standards (Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (MH RF) of February 8, 2018, No. 53n and of February 22, 2022, No. 103n) was conducted. The form of the medical care standard was considered based on the example of the medical care standards approved in 2021–2022. A review of methodological materials regulating the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines was performed.Results. The procedure for developing medical care standards was first regulated in 2018. The participants of the process (MH RF departments, MH RF chief external specialists, Center for Expertise and Quality Control of Medical Care), their functions, and the stages and terms of development are regulated. The methodology for the development of medical care standards based on clinical guidelines involves the formation of standardized modules of medical care and a mathematical model.Conclusion. Currently, the process of developing medical care standards based on clinical guidelines is regulated and the methodology is defined. However, there are still issues that require additional regulation, such as the standard form, the methodology of medical and economic evaluation.Цель: провести обзор законодательных и нормативных правовых актов, а также иных документов и рассмотреть изменение требований к разработке стандартов медицинской помощи и сложившуюся форму стандарта, определить ключевые принципы и методологию разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций.Материал и методы. Рассмотрены положения Федерального закона от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации», устанавливающие требования к разработке стандартов медицинской помощи. Проведен обзор порядка разработки стандартов (приказы Минздрава России (МЗ РФ) от 8 февраля 2018 г. № 53н и от 22 февраля 2022 г. № 103н). На примере стандартов медицинской помощи, утвержденных в 2021–2022 гг., рассмотрена форма стандарта. Выполнен обзор методических материалов, регламентирующих разработку стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций.Результаты. Порядок разработки стандартов медицинской помощи впервые был урегулирован в 2018 г. В настоящее время определены участники процесса (департаменты МЗ РФ, главные внештатные специалисты МЗ РФ, ФГБУ «Центр экспертизы и контроля качества медицинской помощи» МЗ РФ), их функции, а также регламентированы этапы и сроки разработки. Методология разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций предусматривает формированиестандартизированных модулей медицинской помощи и математической модели.Заключение. В настоящее время процесс разработки стандартов медицинской помощи на основе клинических рекомендаций нормативно урегулирован и методология определена. Однако сохраняются вопросы, требующие дополнительного нормативного регулирования, такие как форма стандарта, методология проведения медико-экономической оценки

Нормативно-правовое регулирование обеспечения оказания медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫

Aim. To conduct an analytical review of the regulatory legal framework on the resources provision required in medical organizations for the provision of oncological medical care based on clinical guidelines.Materials and methods. Using Russian normative legal and regulative documents on the oncological medical care, the authors studied the normative regulation of the issues of both resources’ provision for medical organizations and resources’ demand assessment, including the need for financial support from various sources of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The analysis was carried out in two regulatory areas: financing and organization of the provision of medical care. The authors examined the main legislation acts relating to oncological medical care, including documents of the compulsory medical insurance, the annual decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for the coming year and the planned period, the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation regulating the provision of medicines and medical products, provisions on the organization of medical care by type of medical care, procedures for the provision of oncological medical care, regulatory documents on clinical guidelines and standards of medical care.Results. The content analysis of the studied materials showed that certain components of the resources’ provision, including the financial provision of oncological medical care, are regulated by various regulatory documents, and there is no methodology for assessing the resources’ demand based on clinical guidelines.Conclusion. New approaches to assessing the resources’ demand for the provision of medical care and the required financial support based on clinical guidelines need to be developed.Цель. Провести направленный аналитический обзор нормативной правовой базы по вопросам ресурсного обеспечения медицинских организаций для оказания медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫ на основе клинических рекомендаций.Материалы и методы. На основании анализа российских нормативных правовых и иных документов было изучено нормативное регулирование вопросов ресурсного обеспечения медицинских организаций и оценки потребности в ресурсном, в т.ч. финансовом, обеспечении из различных источников бюджетной системы Российской Федерации медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫. Анализ проводился по следующим направлениям нормативного регулирования: финансовое обеспечение оказания медицинской помощи и организация оказания медицинской помощи. Изучены положения законодательства в сфере здравоохранения, в т.ч. обязательного медицинского страхования, ежегодные постановления Правительства РФ о программе государственных гарантий бесплатного оказания гражданам медицинской помощи на очередной год и плановый период; постановление Правительства РФ, регламентирующее вопросы обеспечения лекарственными средствами и изделиями медицинского назначения; положения об организации оказания медицинской помощи по видам медицинской помощи; порядок оказания медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫; нормативные документы по вопросам клинических рекомендаций и стандартов медицинской помощи.Результаты. В целом контент-анализ изучаемых материалов показал, что отдельные составляющие ресурсного, в т.ч. финансового обеспечения медицинской помощи по профилю ≪онкология≫ регламентируются различными нормативными документами, а методика оценки потребности на основе клинических рекомендаций отсутствует.Заключение. Требуется разработка новых подходов к оценке потребности в необходимых для оказания медицинской помощи ресурсах и их финансовом обеспечении на основе клинических рекомендаций

Dairy efficiency and technological properties of red-and-white cows of povolzh'e type

The purpose of research is to study milk production and technological properties of red-and-white cows which have been bred within its own genotype. Two groups of heifers with 18 animals in each were selected for the experiment. The structure of the first group consisted of the second-generation hybrids (1/4 RW + 3/4 RWH). The second group consisted of hybrids of the second generation (1/4 RW +3/4 RWH) obtained from bred within its own genotype. Crossbred animals breded within its own genotype yielded 6263 kg of milk for the first lactation which is 456 kg higher compared with the same age cows breded ordinary. Significant differences between the groups have been identified by the output of milk fat - 23.8 kg (P < 0.001) and by milk protein - 17.4 kg (P < 0.01). According to the exterior linear estimation sufficiently aligned results with low variability are marked. So animals belong to dairy body type and with good feeding and keeping can be used in selection for more efficient use of breed capacity in desirable direction, i.e. in the direction of pelvis width increasing and strong constitution. The data indicate that the cows generally have cup-shaped (54.2…66.6%) and bath-shaped (23.3…38.8%) udders. Cow's udder is firmly attached to the body, with conspicuous mammary veins, covered with a thin elastic skin. Cows practically does not have udder lobulation, udder bottom is mainly horizontal. According to the intensity of milk flow group differences amounted to 0.2 kg / min (P < 0.01) in favor of the animals breded within its own breed. Therefore, both groups of animals are characterized by good morphological and functional properties of the udder and are ideally suited to the currently applied milking technology

Regulatory framework of the oncological medical care provision

Aim. To conduct an analytical review of the regulatory legal framework on the resources provision required in medical organizations for the provision of oncological medical care based on clinical guidelines.Materials and methods. Using Russian normative legal and regulative documents on the oncological medical care, the authors studied the normative regulation of the issues of both resources’ provision for medical organizations and resources’ demand assessment, including the need for financial support from various sources of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The analysis was carried out in two regulatory areas: financing and organization of the provision of medical care. The authors examined the main legislation acts relating to oncological medical care, including documents of the compulsory medical insurance, the annual decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for the coming year and the planned period, the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation regulating the provision of medicines and medical products, provisions on the organization of medical care by type of medical care, procedures for the provision of oncological medical care, regulatory documents on clinical guidelines and standards of medical care.Results. The content analysis of the studied materials showed that certain components of the resources’ provision, including the financial provision of oncological medical care, are regulated by various regulatory documents, and there is no methodology for assessing the resources’ demand based on clinical guidelines.Conclusion. New approaches to assessing the resources’ demand for the provision of medical care and the required financial support based on clinical guidelines need to be developed

Effects of intranasal administration of the peptide antagonist of type I vaniloid receptor (TRPV1) in the rodent central nervous system

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Intranasal administration of the polypeptide APHC3, an antagonist of the TRPV1 receptor, had acute anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, as well as an ability to modify the microglial response to proinflammatory stress and cytokine profile of the hippocampus. However, the acute antidepressant effect of the polypeptide was not related to the attenuation of neuroiflammation and probably had a different mechanism. The use of intranasal administration of the APHC3 peptide as a therapeutic approach aimed at decreasing depression symptoms needs additional studies in order to find the mechanism of action of this polypeptide in the central nervous system (CNS)

Effects of intranasal administration of the peptide antagonist of type I vaniloid receptor (TRPV1) in the rodent central nervous system

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Intranasal administration of the polypeptide APHC3, an antagonist of the TRPV1 receptor, had acute anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, as well as an ability to modify the microglial response to proinflammatory stress and cytokine profile of the hippocampus. However, the acute antidepressant effect of the polypeptide was not related to the attenuation of neuroiflammation and probably had a different mechanism. The use of intranasal administration of the APHC3 peptide as a therapeutic approach aimed at decreasing depression symptoms needs additional studies in order to find the mechanism of action of this polypeptide in the central nervous system (CNS)

La Patrie : journal quotidien, politique, commercial et littéraire

09 juillet 18501850/07/09 (A10,N190)