Separation of Powers and the California Initiative

This Comment seeks to apply the existing principles of California\u27s separation of powers jurisprudence to the statutory initiative power, beginning from the premise that this power constitutes a fourth and autonomous branch of government. Part I describes the initiative process and how it differs from the manner in which laws are passed by the legislature. Part II details the theoretical and historical origins of the initiative power. Part III identifies the sources of the initiative power and the conventional legislative process, and it discusses the differing places ascribed to each in the state\u27s constitutional jurisprudence. Part IV delineates the existing limits on the initiative power. Part V identifies the salient principles of the separation of powers in California. Part VI argues that the lack of a legislative check on the initiative power allows the initiative to completely subsume the state\u27s legislative power, which was not the intent when the initiative power was created. Part VII concludes that the state legislature should play a meaningful role in the initiative process in order to avoid a conflict with the separation of powers provision in the state constitution

Separation of Powers and the California Initiative

This Comment seeks to apply the existing principles of California\u27s separation of powers jurisprudence to the statutory initiative power, beginning from the premise that this power constitutes a fourth and autonomous branch of government. Part I describes the initiative process and how it differs from the manner in which laws are passed by the legislature. Part II details the theoretical and historical origins of the initiative power. Part III identifies the sources of the initiative power and the conventional legislative process, and it discusses the differing places ascribed to each in the state\u27s constitutional jurisprudence. Part IV delineates the existing limits on the initiative power. Part V identifies the salient principles of the separation of powers in California. Part VI argues that the lack of a legislative check on the initiative power allows the initiative to completely subsume the state\u27s legislative power, which was not the intent when the initiative power was created. Part VII concludes that the state legislature should play a meaningful role in the initiative process in order to avoid a conflict with the separation of powers provision in the state constitution

Microelectrophoresis of selected mineral particles

Particle mobilities of ilmenite, labradorite plagioclase, enstatite pyroxene, and olivine were measured with a Rank microelectrophoresis system to evaluate indicated mineral separability. Sodium bicarbonate buffer suspension media with and without additives (0.0001 M DTAB and 5 percent v/v ethylene glycol) were used to determine differential adsorption by mineral particles and modification of relative mobilities. Good separability between some minerals was indicated; additives did not enhance separability

Morphological and molecular variation in Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townseendii) in West Texas

Previous studies of Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) from Big Bend National Park (Brewster Co.) have been limited and inconclusive regarding the expected subspecific identity of specimens from this region. Furthermore, we observed that several specimens of from this region displayed morphological characteristics of both the Mexican big-eared bat (C. mexicanus) and C. townsendii. Thus, the goals of this study were to use molecular data to determine the specific and subspecific affinity of the specimens found in this region and to illuminate possible morphological variation within the molecular lineages recovered in West Texas specimens. Based on molecular analyses there was support for the presence of a single subspecies, C. t. australis, throughout West Texas. Evaluation of morphological data from these same specimens showed that no discrete characteristics were accurate in delineating C. townsendii from C. mexicanus, confirming substantial morphological variation within C. t. australis specimens from West Texas

Presentation Skills

Why do we need to know how to present information? Public speaking is commonly feared by many people. It can be a nerve-racking experience, but anxiety can be minimized. Skills to be a good presenter can be developed with preparation and practic

Cultural Resource Inventory and Testing in the Salt Creek Pocket and Devils Lane Areas, Needles District, Canyonlands National Park, Utah

This document is the final technical report on the first phase of a multiyear archeological program conducted in Canyonlands National Park. Some of the purposes of this project are to gather information for upgrading the park\u27s interpretive program, increase the scientific understanding of Canyonlands\u27 prehistory, and prepare a research design to guide future investigation. Archeological inventory of 4500 acres in the Needles District revealed a previously undocumented Archaic occupation and showed that Formative peoples using the area were primarily the Mesa Verde Anasazi, not the Fremont and Anasazi as previously thought. The data also indicate that prehistoric peoples used the survey area on an intermittent basis, primarily to hunt, harvest wild plants, and procure local lithic resources. There is little evidence of horticultural activities. Finally, an uncorrected radiocarbon date of ~ 3340 year: 1390 B.C. was obtained from a site with Barrier Canyon Style rock art; the association is suggestive but more research is needed before the date in unquestioningly applied to the Barrier Canyon rock art

1968: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

CROWNING FIFTY YEARS” Being the Fiftieth Annual ABILENE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE BIBLE LECTURES - 1968 J. D. THOMAS, LECTURESHIP DIRECTOR, EDITOR Published by ABILENE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE ACC Station, Abilene, Texas 7960