Discussion of Schumann’s Musical Characterization in Carnaval, op. 9

The purpose of this study is to discuss Schumann’s fictional characters from Carnaval, op.9 and how Schumann expressed the unique aspects of each character in his music. I will apply Schenkerian analysis to explore the various structural layers of the music of these fictional characters and Schumann’s friends: Pierrot, Arlequin, Eusebius, Florestan, Coquette, Pantalon et Colombine, Chiarina, Estrella, Chopin and Paganini. Through my Schenkerian graphs, I hope to show that each piece coheres within itself, that pieces share middle-ground structures, that motifs come back at different levels, and that the musical structure contributes to the characterization, as well as the surface textures

Effects of supra-arcade downflows interacting with the post-flare arcade

Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are dark voids descending through plasma above the post-flare arcade. Although they are generally viewed as byproducts of flare reconnections in the corona, the nature of SADs is under debate. Here we investigated six distinct episodes of SADs observed in the post-maximum phase of an M-class flare of April 11, 2013. Differential emission measure analysis revealed that SAD cases occurring close to the flare maximum contain an enhanced hot plasma component at 5--7~MK whereas those occurring later exhibited a depression in hot plasma at 7--12~MK compared to the ambient supra-arcade plasma. On-disk location of the flare enabled us to examine in detail the interaction of SADs with the post-flare arcade, whose effects include 1) transverse oscillations of period $\sim\,$160~s in the supra-arcade rays in the wake of voids, 2) footpoint brightening in 1700{~\AA} whose peak is delayed by 22-46~s with respect to the SAD's arrival at the top of the arcade, and 3) EUV intensity perturbations expanding and propagating with a speed $\sim\,$400 km~s$^{-1}$. On the other hand, due to line-of-sight confusion in the optically thin corona, the ribbon enhancement following the interaction produces an illusion of plasma rebound at the top of the arcade, where the interaction fails to yield significant plasma heating. These effects indicate that the interaction mainly generates MHD waves propagating toward the surface, which may further produce quasi-periodic brightening at flare ribbons, therefore contributing to quasi-periodic flare gradual phase emission in EUV.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, Animation files - 4 (Refer to the published version

Self-Improving for Zero-Shot Named Entity Recognition with Large Language Models

Exploring the application of powerful large language models (LLMs) on the fundamental named entity recognition (NER) task has drawn much attention recently. This work aims to investigate the possibilities of pushing the boundary of zero-shot NER with LLM via a training-free self-improving strategy. We propose a self-improving framework, which utilize an unlabeled corpus to stimulate the self-learning ability of LLMs on NER. First, we use LLM to make predictions on the unlabeled corpus and obtain the self-annotated data. Second, we explore various strategies to select reliable samples from the self-annotated dataset as demonstrations, considering the similarity, diversity and reliability of demonstrations. Finally, we conduct inference for the test query via in-context learning with the selected self-annotated demonstrations. Through comprehensive experimental analysis, our study yielded the following findings: (1) The self-improving framework further pushes the boundary of zero-shot NER with LLMs, and achieves an obvious performance improvement; (2) Iterative self-improving or naively increasing the size of unlabeled corpus does not guarantee improvements; (3) There might still be space for improvement via more advanced strategy for reliable entity selection

Lineage/species-specific expansion of the Mx gene family in teleosts : Differential expression and modulation of nine Mx genes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

This work was partially funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, BB/R008442/1). Tingyu Wang was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of China (Taiwan) (MOST 107-2917-I-564-019). Fuguo Liu was supported by a Newton International Fellowship funded by the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK (AMS, NIF004\1036). Guangming Tian was supported financially by the State Scholarship Fund organised by the China Scholarship Council (201808420042).Peer reviewedPostprin