Acetaldehyde Induces Cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y Cells via Inhibition of Akt Activation and Induction of Oxidative Stress

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to brain tissue damage and cognitive dysfunction. It has been shown that heavy drinking is associated with an earlier onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Acetaldehyde, the most toxic metabolite of ethanol, is speculated to mediate the brain tissue damage and cognitive dysfunction induced by the chronic excessive consumption of alcohol. However, the exact mechanisms by which acetaldehyde induces neurotoxicity are not totally understood. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of acetaldehyde in SH-SY5Y cells and found that acetaldehyde induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by downregulating the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and upregulating the expression of proapoptotic Bax. Acetaldehyde treatment led to a significant decrease in the levels of activated Akt and cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB). In addition, acetaldehyde induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) while inhibiting the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs, p44/p42MAPK). Meanwhile, acetaldehyde treatment caused an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and elevated the oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, acetaldehyde induces cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells via promotion of apoptotic signaling, inhibition of cell survival pathway, and induction of oxidative stress

Increased apoptosis in human knee osteoarthritis cartilage related to the expression of protein kinase B and protein kinase Cα in chondrocytes

Protein kinase B (Akt) and protein kinase Cα (PKCα) play important roles in the regulation of cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Akt and PKCa in chondrocytes of human knee osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, further evaluating their role in chondrocyte apoptosis during OA progression. Human knee OA cartilages were obtained from 38 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, which is the medium-late stage of OA. Healthy knee cartilages were obtained from 11 amputees. The samples taken from the condyle of femur were collected routinely for morphological, immunohistochemical and Western blot detection, respectively. Light microscopy and laser-scanning confocal microscopy were used for morphological observation. The optical density with computer image analysis evaluated the intensity of immunohistochemical reaction of Akt and PKCα in OA cartilage. Western blot detected the protein expression levels. The results indicated that Akt and PKCa were involved in OA progression, along with the increase of cell apoptosis. In OA cartilage, Akt decreased (p < 0.05) and PKCα increased (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation and interaction between Akt and PKCα (r = –0.8). These results demonstrated that both Akt and PKCα are related to increased chondrocyte apoptosis in human OA cartilage. The correlation between human OA progression, the role of Akt and PKCα, and chondrocyte apoptosis allows for new therapeutic strategies to be considered

A novel tension monitoring device of multi-rope friction hoister by using acoustic filtering sensor

Wire rope tension is one of the vital monitoring parameters for the hoister system, which seriously influence mine coal safety production. However, wire ropes endure vibration and shock in lifting process of multi-rope friction hoisters in coal mine, which interferes with measurement of wire rope tension and lifting load seriously. Aimed to the difficulty of monitoring wire rope tension, this paper put forward a new measurement method of wire rope tension by transferring wire rope tension measurement to pressure measurement, which improves the measurement safety and avoids the safety hazards of adopting pull sensor in series with wire rope, and this paper also designed an acoustic filtering sensor which uses the filtering characteristic of acoustic cavity to eliminate the effect of vibration and shock in wire rope tension measurement. Meanwhile, a novel wire rope tension monitoring device of multi-rope friction hoister is presented based on the proposed measurement method and sensor, which can measure each wire rope tension in the lifting process, display the cage load and monitor the fault of wire rope tension unbalance. Real-time and accurate wire rope tension measurement is realized. By comparing the signals measured by the common sensor and the acoustic filtering sensor, the influence of vibration and shock on the multi-ropes tension measurement is eliminated, and the fault of wire rope tension unbalance can be monitored. This advanced tension monitoring device is of great significance to the safety of coal mine production

The Model for Calculating Pore Evaluation of Fractal Rock Body Under Hydraulic Fracturing

In general, the pore medium of rock has fractal characters. In order to calculate the change regulations of porosity and evaluation character of the rock under hydraulic fracturing accurately, in this paper, a new damage variable was defined to describe the change of porosity. The model for calculating pore evaluation of the fractal fracturing rock body was established according to the principle of conservation of energy, considering the strain energy, the cracks propagation energy and the gravitational potential energy of fracturing fluid in the process of fracturing. The change regulations of fracturing parameters were calculated combining with the reservoir pore characters of Xinmin region. The change characters of the porosity were simulated by ANSYS, and the rationality and advancement of the new model was determined by deliverability analysis.Key words: Fractal rock body; Pore characters; Deliverability calculation; Hydraulic fracturin

Gas Flow Model of Adhesion Sand Casing Well First Interface Micro Clearance and Application

In order to accurately describe the flow characteristics of the gas channeling in the adhesion sand casing well first interface, this article assumes the first interface annulus composed by adhesion sand casing and cement mantle is a microscopic rough gas flow channel. Using the lattice Boltzmann method, the flow model of gas channeling in first interface rough microscopic channel is established, the fundamental relationship of gas flow rate, gas flow pressure distribution and gas annulus pressure differential are calculated and analyzed. And the flow characteristics of gas under different adhesion sand density is simulated. The results show that the theoretical calculation and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement, the new calculation model reveals the essential rule of cementing gas channeling flow in adhesion sand casing well, which provides a new method for the gas channeling problem in process of subsequent oil well cementing.Key words: Adhesion sand casing well; Rough surface; Cementing first interface; Lattice Boltzmann; Gas channelin

On the Way to SBOMs: Investigating Design Issues and Solutions in Practice

Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), offers improved transparency and supply chain security by providing a machine-readable inventory of software components used. With the rise in software supply chain attacks, the SBOM has attracted attention from both academia and industry. This paper presents a study on the practice of SBOM, based on the analysis of 4,786 GitHub discussions from 510 SBOM-related projects. Our study identifies key topics, challenges, and solutions associated with effective SBOM usage. We also highlight commonly used tools and frameworks for generating SBOMs, along with their respective strengths and limitations. Our research underscores the importance of SBOMs in software development and the need for their widespread adoption to enhance supply chain security. Additionally, the insights gained from our study can inform future research and development in this field

BCS-BEC crossover in a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi superfluid

We study the crossover from the Bardeen-Cooper-Shrieffer (BCS) regime to the Bose-Einstein-condensation (BEC) regime in a quasi-two-dimensional quantum gas of ultracold fermionic atoms. Using an effective two-dimensional Hamiltonian with renormalized interactions between atoms and dressed molecules within a Gaussian pair fluctuation theory, we investigate how Fermi superfluidity is affected by reduced dimensionality at zero temperature in a wide range of crossover. We observe that the order parameter and pair size show universal relations with the chemical potential on the BCS side, irrespective of dimensionality. However, such universal dependences break down towards the BEC limit with increasing interaction strength. This results reveal the notable effect of reduced dimenionality on pairing physics, which can also be observed in the sound velocity and convexity parameter of the Goldstone mode. We compare our results with the latest experiments in both ${}^{6}$Li atomic gases and layered nitrides LixZrNCl and find good agreements.Comment: 11 pages, 7 fugure