BOOKS ON BURMESE ORTHOGRAPHY

研究ノート・資

XRD and SEM Analysis, and Semiconductor Type Determination of TiO2 for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a wide band-gap n-type semiconductor. Anatase TiO2 is the most common structure used in high performance dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Nanoporous TiO2 serves double-duty as an electron acceptor and a scaffold to hold large numbers of dye molecules in DSSC. The porosity of TiO2 is a key feature as it has roughly a thousand times greater a surface area than the equivalent flat area. In this work, TiO2 crystallite size (43.55 nm) has been calculated by using XRD data, and the morphology and the grain-size of TiO2 (average grain size of 0.2 mm ~ 0.3 mm) with different solvents have been also studied by SEM

Computerized FDTD Method for Longitudinal Optical Phonon Energy on Semiconductor Hybrid Structure for High Power Devices Fabrication

The research problem in this study is the longitudinal optical phonon energy on metal/semiconductor interface for high performance semiconductor device. The research solution is to make the software model with finite difference time domain (FDTD) solution for transmission and reflection pulse between metal and semiconductor interface for carrier dynamics effects. The objective of this study is to find the quantum mechanics understanding on interface engineering for fabricating the high performance device for future semiconductor technology development. The analysis was carried out with the help of MATLAB. The quantum mechanical spatial field on metal-semiconductor stripe structure has been analyzed by FDTD techniques. This emission reveals a characteristic polar radiation distribution of electric dipoles and a wavelength independent of the structure size or the direction of emission; consequently, it is attributed to thermally generate electric dipoles resonating with the longitudinal optical phonon energy. Phonon energy occurs lattice vibration of material by the polarization of light, if the material has rigid structure reflect back the incident light. So, high reflective metal-semiconductor structure always use as photodectors devices in optical fiber communication. No lattice vibration material structure has no phonon effect, so this structure based devices can get high performance any other structure based devices. The transmission and reflection coefficient of metal-semiconductor GaN/Au layer structure compare with GaN/Ti and GaN/Pt structure. Parallel (P) and transverse (S) polarization of light incident on a metal-semiconductor nanolayer structure with IR wavelength. Efficient use of the layer by layer (LbL) method to fabricate nanofilms requires meeting certain conditions and limitations that were revealed in the course of research on model systems

Poverty in Thailand: Degree, Distribution and Determinants

Thailand, classified by the World Bank as a 'middle low-income country', experienced high growth during the 1960s and 1970s. Yet, in 1975, 31% of total population, or an estimated 13 million people, were living in poverty. The proportion of population in poverty was known to have declined from 39% in 1968. Thailand, therefore, had some success in poverty removal. This dissertation tried to find some explanation for the following questions. What was the extent of poverty in Thailand? How was poverty distributed among the regions and areas in Thailand? What characteristics did the poor have in Thailand? What were the determinants of poverty in Thailand? All these questions relate to the period during the 1960s and 1970s. Since there are many determinants of poverty, Jorgenson's model of the low level equilibrium trap and Sen's entitlement approach were chosen to serve as a farmework for the analysis of the determinants which were: population growth, technological progress, and income/land distributions. It was found that on the whole, these three determinants explain poverty in Thailand, but the explanation was different for different regions. Although all three explained why the Northeast was the poorest region, for the North, land distribution and technical progress were more important, for the South, population growth and technical progress were more important, for the Central, land distribution was most important, and for Bangkok, urban poverty was explained mainly by rapid immigration and low labour productivity. Based on these findings, some broad policy conclusions were made. It must be mentioned that the author was aware of the dangers of reaching conclusions based on unreliable and incomplete data. However, the best use of available data and information have been made on the assumption that they represent the true situation and it is believed that some small contribution has been made towards the question of poverty in Thailand

Assessing Financial Reporting Quality of Company Limited by Guarantee Charities in Malaysia Using Benford’s Law: A Preliminary Study

The issue of terrorism is experienced at the global level, and it has been recognised that such activities need financing from various sources, legitimate and illegitimate. A legitimate source is via non-profit organisations. It has been advocated that effective investigation and information gathering be done at the country-level to facilitate the detection of terrorist abuse of non-profit organisations; such information would include financial information. In view of the foregoing, a comprehensive assessment of the financial reporting quality of non-profit organisations would be a useful step in conducting an overall risk analysis of the non-profit sector. The objective of this study is to assess the financial reporting quality of charities in Malaysia. The financial statements of 235 companies limited by guarantee were extracted for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 resulting in 7,056 observations. Digital analysis was performed to review the conformity of first and second digit distributions with that of Benford’s Law; the main statistics of the log mantissa and the Mean Absolute Deviation were also computed. Subsequently, statistical tests were run to evaluate data conformity to Benford’s Law. Findings were found to be mixed and inconclusive. Implications of the study’s findings and suggestions for further research were further discussed

Determinants of Export Performance in ASEAN Region : Panel Data Analysis

International trade is one of the major aspects that grow tremendously in Southeast Asia and export is regarded as main accelerators of growth in either developed or developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the determinants of export performance for ASEAN countries. In this study, panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is adopted for time period between 2000 to 2015. Empirical findings indicate that there is a long-run relationship between determinants of export such as interest rate, economic growth and foreign direct investment with export performance of ASEAN countries. Therefore, policy makers need to strategize their policies to move towards closer cooperation among the ASEAN countries, especially promoting sustainable exportation in the region

Leveraging of Business Growth Strategies For Superior Firm Performance in the Malaysian Property Sector

This paper aims to highlight the importance of choosing the correct types of business growth strategies to ensure a fit with the business environment for firm’s superior performance. The Malaysian property sector was chosen due to it dynamic nature and its importance to the country’s economic growth. The scope of the study covers seventy-six property-sector firms listed under Bursa Malaysia, with 15 years of time span coverage data used. Factors that affect the dynamics of growth strategy activities were studied to see the connection with a firm’s superior financial performance. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis were utilised, that are; the qualitative analysis for the level of growth strategy, while the panel data regression technique comprises the grouping of the time series data and cross-sectional data to examine performance and other relevant factors. The findings show that high performance firms adopt business growth strategies in the area of product development, new market and also practice risk management. Panel regression results indicate that these business growth strategies have a positive impact on the superior firm performance of the business

Board diversity and financial sustainability in charities: a Malaysian perspective

Charity failure has been a problem that has been plaguing developed countries and developing alike. In Malaysia, it has been reported that charities faced difficulties in raising donations due to the difficult economic climate. Past research has provided some evidence on the role of board diversity on the financial performance of for-profit organizations. This study examines the impact of board diversity in improving charity financial sustainability. A sample of 211 active charities (companies limited by guarantee) in 2016 was selected. Data on board diversity (age, gender, race and tenure) as well as financial sustainability were obtained and binary logistic regression via XLSTAT was performed. The findings suggested that director tenure diversity significantly predicts financial sustainability of charities. Age, race and ethnic diversity were found to be not significant. The implications of the study’s findings mean that charities in general should embark upon regular new director appointments, in order to maintain a fresh outlook and to bring in new infusion of skills at the strategic and operational levels

Export Performance In Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar And Vietnam (CLMV) Countries : Panel Data Analysis

Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (CLMV) countries endeavour to increase the country's foreign exchange earnings by export performance. This study aims to identify the macroeconomic determinants of export performance of CLMV countries from the period of 2000 to 2015. This study adopted panel unit roots test, panel co-integration test and Pooled-mean group (PMG) method for testing and estimating purpose. Empirical findings show that the determinants of export performance are inflation, gross domestic and foreign direct investment, where there are positively associated with export performance of CLMV countries while the interest rate and exchange rate cannot influence the export performance in long run