Antenatal care practice and pregnancy out come at Sikuati area, Kudat, Sabah

Antenatal (AN) care is vital for all pregnant women and for reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity. AN care knowledge and specific AN care practices are some of the crucial components of what determines effective AN care. In developing nations, the health of pregnant women can be even more sensitive to these factors. Objectives of this study was to assess the antenatal ( AN) care practice and pregnancy outcome of ever-married women aged 18 to 49 years old having at least one pregnancy experience, residing in kampongs of Sikuati area, Kudat between March to December 2015. Cross–sectional descriptive study, non-probability convenient sampling method was used and 150 eligible participants were interviewed through face to face by trained interviewers using a semi- structured questionnaire and their knowledge of AN care, their AN care practices and outcomes and complications of their pregnancies were recorded. 99% of all the women received AN care, and 64% of the women received essential AN care practice (AN visit of minimum 4 times). The study revealed that overall knowledge amongst the women with good knowledge was 48% and low knowledge was 52%. Despite this, it was found that low knowledge of AN care was associated with essential AN care practice. Additionally, AN care practices, assessed through timing of first AN care visit and frequency of visits, was not significantly associated with pregnancy complications. Despite these results, outcomes were good and all complications were properly and successfully addressed. This may reflect the effectiveness of current programs in place promoting importance of AN care and delivery practices. Maintenance of current programs with targeted interventions to address low knowledge level and the low level of compliance with essential AN care completed are recommended

The study oil road traffic injuries (RTL) in Kudat, Sabah State, Malaysia

With rapid urbanization of rural areas in Sabah, road traffic injuries are gaining higher ranks among the top priority hospital admissions. According to 2006 data, road traffic injuries and related cases ranked third and accounted for 7.75% of all hospital admissions in 10 Government Hospitals. The problem is considered to be in a rising trend as the number of motor vehicles used by the rural population is escalating. A retrospective case reviews of all cases of road traffic injuries, who sought treatment during January to December 2008, was conducted at the district hospitals of Kudat and Kota Marudu. Review of medical records was made and demographic data like age, sex and the relevant data such as type of road users, time of accident, type of vehicle , sites and type of wound as well as type of injury sustained were retrospectively collected. A total of 203 road traffic injuries were covered. Out of which, 68% were male. The highest percentage (30%) was found in the age group of 21-30 years. Passengers formed the major group of people affected by road traffic injuries. Nearly one fourth was noted to be suffering from severe bone injuries while more than one third of cases required referral to Queen Elizebeth hospital, Kota Kinabalu. Common sites of injury were head, face and limbs. According to 2004 statistics, the population in Kudat was 76046 within 1287.2sqkm while Kota Marudu has 70051 population within the area of 19170 sq km. It was estimated that 14 road traffic injuries cases to every 10,000 population occurred in year 2008, in these areas. Associated mortality at the time of accident was more than 4%. The study revealed the magnitude of road traffic injuries in terms of morbidity and mortality. The extent of injuries and the nature of bony involvements indicated the burden of road traffic injuries on medical and health care system. Thus the findings of this study would provide baseline data for the hospital planners and administrators to plan ahead for emergency measures as well as appropriate care of road traffic injuries in the area

Determinants of active aging and quality of life among older adults : systematic review

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Понятие и основные признаки административных налоговых правонарушений

Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) wasoriginally designed for large files. HDFS stores eachsmall file as one separate block although the size ofseveral small files is lesser than the size of block size.Therefore, a large number of blocks are created withmassive small files. When the large number of smallfiles is accessed, NameNode often becomes thebottleneck. The problem of storing and accessinglarge number of small files is named as small fileproblem. In order to solve this issue in HDFS, anapproach of merging small files on HDFS isproposed. In this paper, small files are merged into alarger file based on the agglomerative hierarchicalclustering mechanism to reduce NameNode memoryconsumption. This approach will provide small filesfor cloud storage

A clinically silent tumour of adrenal myelolipoma: A case report

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, non-functional, benign neoplasm which is constituted of mature haematopoietic elements and adipose tissues in various proportions. It is diagnosed accidentally and frequently with the widespread use of imaging modalities. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a 63-year-old lady with incidental findings of adrenal tumour on computed tomography (CT) scan during a routine medical check-up. She underwent tumour resection in view of a large tumour of 7 cm in size. DISCUSSION: CT scan is sensitive to diagnose adrenal myelolipoma in view of its fat-laden property and useful to monitor the tumour progress. Even previously she opted for conservative management; the decision for surgery was made in view of enlarging tumour and risk of surrounding tissue compression. CONCLUSION: With increased awareness, the detection rate of this tumour is improving, hence able to prevent the complications of a large tumour such as compression, bleeding and tumour necrosi

Influencing factors for cholera and diarrhoea: Water sanitation and hygiene in impoverished rural villages of Beluran District, Sabah, Malaysia

The lower percentage of water, sanitation and hygiene are the root causes of diarrhoea and cholera. Cholera is a sudden onset of acute watery diarrhoea which can progress to severe dehydration and death if untreated. The current pandemic, Vibrio Cholera O1 started in 1961. This study explores water, sanitation, hygiene and cholera and diarrhoea in three affected villages of Beluran District, Sabah Malaysia to support effective and timely public health intervention. This cross sectional study uses purposive sampling. All (114) households were interviewed and household water samples collected. The study reported lower coverage improved sanitation facilities (35.3% to 52.3%), no latrine at home (37% to 63%), improved water supply (52% to 60%), and prevalence of hand washing after toilet (57% - 74%). For water quality, Ecoli was present in household water (32% to 37%) but Vibrio cholerae was not isolated in any of the water samples tested. Statistically significant associations were found for; 1) occupation−non-agriculture and unimproved sanitation facility and 2) house ownership and correct knowledge of ORS preparation. Predictors for household water quality were: latrine at home, and improved household toilet. Aggressive strategies to improve water supply, sanitation and hygiene−hand washing after toilet−were recommended for future prevention of cholera and diarrhoea in the affected area

Preferred modalities for learning anatomy: medical students’ opinion

Learning anatomy is the basic and essential component of medical study when students start to learn in medical career. Since five hundred years ago, the human cadaver has been used as the silent mentor for students in learning anatomy. Later, pre-dissected specimens were used in addition to hands-on dissection of human cadaver. Current advances promote the use of anatomical models as well as plastinated specimens. This study focused on analyzing the preference of students towards different learning modalities available for anatomy teaching. It was conducted on first year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah (FPSK, UMS). A total of 76 students (27 males and 49 females) participated in this study. Out of 76 students, 57 (75%) students preferred using human cadaver for anatomy learning. Four students (5.3%) opted for plastinated specimen while 15 students (19.7%) chose the plastic model. Knowledge gained in learning Anatomy was said to be easier from cadaver (67.1%), followed by plastinated specimen (35.5%) and plastic models (52.6%). In the present study, 97.4% responded that plastic model was easier to apply their knowledge in objective structured practical examinations. The present study found that using cadaver was still favoured by medical students. Further studies are required to determine the preference between hands-on cadaveric dissections versus pre-dissected specimens