Commonly Used Instruments and Procedures in O&G”.

The book as a user-friendly handy and is mostly illustrated for the reader to understand the commonly used instruments and procedures in the field of basic Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Preference in learning gross anatomy among IIUM students

Both medical (Year I, Year II) and dental (Year I) students in IIUM are exposed to three types of teaching aids in learning gross anatomy. They are cadavers, prosected wet specimens and plastic models. This study aimed at exploring the students’ preference on teaching aids in learning gross anatomy and reasons for their preference. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among 185 medical and dental students by using the pretested, semi structured, self administrated questionnaires including open-ended questions. Significance of preferences were analysed by X2 test. Year I (99%) and Year II (97%) medical students preferred the plastic models as the best approach to learn gross anatomy because of their handleability and portability. Year I dental students (96%) preferred the prosected wet specimens because they were real human structures and well preserved. The preferred and less preferred rates were 86% and 4% for plastic model, 84% and 10% for prosected wet specimen and 77% and 17% for cadaver. These differences were statistically significant (p <0.05). Students didn’t prefer the cadavers most but they agreed that the cadavers are more realistic, informative and easier to remember. This study indicates that students prefer all three types of teaching aids while the most preferred one is the plastic model. The quality of teaching aid is the reason for their preference. Students’ suggestion to use the advanced technologies such as three dimensional animations or simulated videos should be considered to get discernable learning outcomes

How to pass the undergraduate obstetrics and gynaecology examination

A books of questions is useful to students in many ways. It can be used to assess one's knowledge on what has been learned from textbooks, classrooms and bedside teaching. It is useful as revision tool. It also provides an avenue for an examination trial which in the case of multiple choice questions means to develop the skill to pick the right statements and not be tempte to guess answers. The answers which are given after each question serve as a quick guide to choice made. However students are reminded that this book is not textbook and cannot be treated as such. Reference given at teh end of the book indicates where students can refer to for a better understanding of the subject matter being tested

ACUTE FATTY LIVER IN PREGNANCY

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is an obstetric emergency and life threatening condition of the pregnancy. It affects during last trimester of pregnancy and occasionally occurs in postpartum period. It is presented with malaise, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain followed by jaundice. Laboratory tests usually derange liver and renal functions with coagulopathy. The incidence of AFLP is approximately 1 in 15,000 pregnancies. We reported the case of a 34-year-old patient, with multiple pregnancy at 35 weeks of gestation presented with dizziness, headache and dyspepsia aggravated by lying down and noted jaundice during operation. She had postpartum haemorrhage after the operation due to coagulopathy and her laboratory investigations findings favoured to diagnosis as AFLP and treated with supportive management at intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore obstetrician must be aware of one of this hepatic problem in pregnant women at latetrimester

Post-menopausal lady with huge symptomatic uterine leiomyoma: A case report

Introduction: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors are rare gynaecological cancer that arises from the sex-cord stromal cells of the ovary and represents 2% to 3% of all ovarian cancer. The adult type is the most common type and usually occurs during the perimenopausal period while the juvenile type mostly affects young women. Case Description: A 29-year-old woman, sexually naïve, presented with a four-month history of progressive abdominal distension associated with reduced effort tolerance and orthopnea for one week. She had a history of irregular menstruation since 18 years of age. Physical examination revealed a grossly distended abdomen without tenderness. The Computed Tomography of the Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis reported a large cystic mass occupying the whole entire abdomen and false pelvis measuring 22.3 x 30.8 x 35.2 cm in size, likely arising from the right ovary. The left Fallopian tube and ovary were normal with free fluid seen within the pelvis and right iliac fossa. During exploratory laparotomy, there was 50 cc of turbid straw-colored ascites fluid with 30 x 30 cm right ovarian cyst. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was done. The histopathological examination reported an adult granulosa cell tumor of the right ovary. Discussion: Most adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT) follow a benign course and surgery is the primary treatment. Stage 1is the most common presentation and surgery is mostly curative as in this case. A female patient presenting with irregular menstruation and progressive distension of the abdomen should raise suspicion about the possibility of AGCT and needs immediate surgical treatment

Remodeling in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Brain-related to Higher Executive Functions in Adolescence: Its effects on Behavior

Adolescence is a critical stage of the developmental trajectory, where a child’s transition to independent living may result in lead healthy or unhealthy styles. During this period, it is easier to mend an individual as a healthy adult; at the same time, misguided children may enter into risky behaviors. The aim of the study to get an insight into changing brains of adolescents and their behavioral outcomes. The current review search engine proceeds with reviewing the literature in the past through electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases using keywords such as adolescent stage, the brain of teenagers, risk behaviors, reduction in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex. The current study reviewed and analyzed 20 articles. The reviewed articles would increase the awareness and insights regarding brain changes and their behavioral outcomes. This insightful information’s drawn out of the study may help professionals and parents who intervene in the adolescent’s problem behaviors

Influenza A Viral Infection with Septic Shock in Pregnancy

Te infuenza virus is RNA virus and is classifed into four subtypes, infuenza A, infuenza B, infuenza C, and infuenza D. One of the subtypes of infuenza A, the H1N1 strain, also known as swine fu, is especially of high risk for development of complications in pregnant women. Te influenza A virus infection is difficult to diagnose clinically because its presenting symptoms are similar to those of the common cold but are more severe, last longer, and can be potentially life-threatening. This case also presented with common cold symptoms but her condition worsened later. Fortunately, obstetric health providers were vigilant enough to address the developing infection and its related complications. It was the cooperative effort of multidisciplinary team care which resulted in a flavourable outcome in both mother and baby