Effects of experimental diabetes on testis proliferations and apoptosis in rats

This work aimed to investigate the role of diabetes on cell proliferation, and apoptosis in testis. The rats were randomly allotted into one of two experimental groups: control and diabetic group; each group contain 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Testicular damage was examined by using hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptosis was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Potential disorders associated with seminiferous tubular sperm formation were evaluated using the Johnsen score. The mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) and mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS) values were significantly decreased in diabetic group was compared to the control group. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the expression of PCNA and an enhancement in the activity of TUNEL in testis tissues of the diabetic group. The effects of diabetes on spermatogenesis can be clearly detected as a testicular cell death and decrease in MTBS, MSTD, and PCNA expression. © 2011 OMU All rights reserved

Otkrivanje i molekularna karakterizacija psećeg adenovirusa tipa 2 (CAV-2) kod pasa sa simptomima dišnog sustava držanih u skloništima u Turskoj

Canine adenoviruses are agents responsible for two different infections in Canidae. While canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes contagious hepatitis (HCC) in dogs, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) is responsible for infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). CAV-2, especially in the respiratory tract, leads to an infection that can result in death in young and cohabitant animals. In public housing such as shelters, in addition to opportunistic infections, a disorder defined as canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) may also occur frequently. In this study, 155 nasal swabs were collected from dogs in two shelters where cases of respiratory system infections were closely monitored. These samples were tested for CAV-2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers designed for the CAV E3 (Early) gene. Positive amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing. CAV-2 nucleic acids were present in 2.5% (4/155) of the test samples. The phylogenetic assessment of the amplicon sequences revealed a 97.7%-98.9% similarity in the local viruses. The partial sequence analyses of the E3 gene of CAV-2 showed that Turkish and Chinese strains have differences in 9 amino acids. These differences redounded on phylogenetic analyses, and the virus which was considered as a single group, is now subdivided into two subgroups. One subgroup comprises American-European isolates and the other one consists of Turkish and Chinese isolates, so this subdivision can be classified into at least two subgroups, designated China-Turkey and America-Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined the possible role of CAV-2 in respiratory system infections in dogs in Turkey, to provide novel and updated information regarding CAV-2.Adenovirusi su uzročnici odgovorni za dvije različite infekcije u pasa. Dok pseći adenovirus tipa 1 (CAV-1) uzrokuje zarazni hepatitis (HCC), pseći adenovirus tipa 2 (CAV-2) odgovoran je za zarazni laringotraheitis (ILT). CAV-2, osobito u dišnom sustavu, uzrokuje infekciju sa smrtnim ishodom kod mladih životinja i onih koje žive u zajednicama. U javnim objektima kao što su skloništa, osim oportunističkih infekcija, učestao je i poremećaj koji se definira kao pseća zarazna bolest dišnih puteva (CIRD). Tijekom ovog istraživanja prikupljeno je 155 uzoraka krvi od pasa držanih u dva skloništa u kojima su pažljivo praćeni slučajevi infekcija dišnog sustava. Uzorci su testirani na CAV-2 primjenom lančane reakcije polimerazom (PCR), uz upotrebu početnica oblikovanih za gen CAV E3 (Early). Pozitivni su amplikoni podvrgnuti sekvenciranju DNA. CAV-2 nukleinske kiseline bile su prisutne u 2,5 % (4/155) istraženih uzoraka. Filogenetska analiza sekvencija amplikona otkrila je u lokalnim virusima 97,7 - 98,9 % sličnosti. Analize parcijalnih sekvencija gena CAV-2 E3 pokazale su da turski i kineski sojevi imaju razlike u 9 aminokiselina. Te su razlike dodatno analizirane filogenetskim analizama i virus koji je smatran jedinstvenom skupinom, podijeljen je na dvije podskupine. Jedna su podskupina američko-europski izolati, a druga se sastoji od turskih i kinskih izolata. Stoga se ovom podjelom mogu razlikovati najmanje dvije podskupine, označene kao Kina - Turska i Amerika - Europa. Pretpostavlja se da je ovo prvo istraživanje o mogućoj ulozi CAV-2 u infekcijama dišnog sustava pasa u Turskoj i kao takvo pruža nove informacije o CAV-2

The use of inflammatory markers as a diagnostic and prognostic approach in neonatal calves with septicaemia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of inflammatory markers as a diagnostic and prognostic approach in neonatal calves with septicaemia. The study material consisted of 13 neonatal calves with septicaemia (septicaemic calves, SC) and ten healthy neonatal calves (control calves, CC). Blood samples were collected for biochemical, haematological and microbiological analyses. In addition, faecal samples were collected for microbiological and virological analyses. Three of neonatal calves with septicaemia were positive for E. coli (E. coli O157 serotype) by microbiological examination, but all neonatal calves with septicaemia were negative for rota- and coronaviruses. By haematological examination, there were no significant differences between SC and CC for white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (NEU) counts (P > 0.05). NEU counts were higher on day 0 than on day 15 in SC (P < 0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) counts and packed cell volume (PCV) values were higher on day 0 in the SC than in the CC (P < 0.05). By biochemical analyses, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), haptoglobin (Hp), and fibrinogen (Fb) concentrations were higher on day 0 in the SC than in the CC (P < 0.05). After treatment (on day 15), the serum IL-6, PCT, Hp, and Fb concentrations were significantly decreased in the SC compared to the CC (P < 0.05). The serum iron (Fe) concentrations were lower on day 0 in the SC than in the CC (P < 0.05), and were higher on day 15 than on day 0 in the SC (P < 0.05). The study revealed that inflammatory markers could be used for determining the diagnosis and prognosis in neonatal calves with septicaemia

Astrovirus induced nonpurulent encephalomyelitis in sheep: First report from Türkiye by high-throughput sequencing.

BACKGROUND This study presents the case of non-purulent encephalomyelitis associated with astrovirus infection in a sheep from Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye. METHODS A necropsy was performed on a sheep showing nervous signs. Afterwards, brain tissue samples were taken and examined with histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular techniques. RESULTS Neuropathologic changes included neuronal degeneration, diffuse gliosis, multifocal perivascular cuffing, neuronophagy and neuronal necrosis in the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the cervical spinal cord. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, selective culture for Listeria monocytogenes, and PCR analysis for rabies virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Türkiye encephalitis virus, small ruminant lentiviruses and border disease virus were negative. However, the presence of astrovirus RNA in cerebral, cerebellar and spinal cord samples was demonstrated by a pan-astrovirus RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed astrovirus antigens within the neuronal cytoplasm. High-throughput sequencing techniques identified the causative agent as a member of the genotype species Mamastrovirus 13 but representing a distinct genetic lineage with similarity to ovine astrovirus 1 in the open-reading frames (ORF)1ab region and muskox astrovirus in the ORF2 region. CONCLUSION This report provides evidence that astroviruses are potentially encephalitis-causing pathogens in ovine populations in Türkiye, featuring an astrovirus strain distinct from those previously identified in sheep

Acylated and Desacylated Ghrelin, Preptin, Leptin, and Nesfatin-1 Peptide Changes Related to the Body Mass Index

This study examines the levels of acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, leptin, and nesfatin-1 peptide changes related to the body mass index (BMI). The subjects were allocated to 5 groups depending on their BMIs as follows: Group I (BMI 40 kg/m2). Serum acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, and leptin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nesfatin-1 was measured by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Desacylated ghrelin levels showed a gradual and statistically significant drop from Group I to Group V, while preptin and leptin levels exhibited a gradual and significant increase from Group I to Group IV. Serum nesfatin-1 levels gradually, but not significantly, increased from Group I to Group III and showed a significant decrease in Groups IV and V. In conclusion, leptin, preptin, and acylated ghrelin (AG) levels increased with higher BMI, whereas desacylated ghrelin (DAG) decreased and nesfatin-1 showed no clear relationship to BMI

Molekularna epizootiologija jednodnevne groznice goveda u Turskoj

In this study, the molecular epidemiology of bovine ephemeral fever in Turkey was investigated, on the basis of a comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the virus that caused the last outbreak, between early August and late November 2012, with those of the strains from the 1985 and 2008 outbreaks in Turkey, as well as BEF virus (BEFV) strains from Far Eastern countries, Israel and Australia. In the NJ analysis, the BEF viruses from the 1985 and 2008 outbreaks in Turkey were placed in the same cluster as the Israel isolates, while the 2012-outbreak BEFVs were placed in a different cluster, with the East Asian strains.Istražena je molekularna epizootiologija jednodnevne groznice goveda u Turskoj. Nukleotidni slijed genoma virusa koji je uzrokovao posljednju epizootiju bolesti koja je u Turskoj harala od početka kolovoza do kraja studenoga 2012. godine bio je uspoređen s nukleotidnim sljedovima sojeva izdvojenih od 1985. do 2008. kao i sojeva iz dalekoistočnih zemalja, Izraela i Australije. Primjenom metode susjednog sparivanja, sojevi dokazani u Turskoj između 1985. i 2008. svrstani su u istu skupinu s izraelskim sojevima, dok su sojevi iz 2012. pripadali istočnoazijskoj skupini

The status of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in western türkiye: detection of three subtypes

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a viral pathogen that causes significant economic losses in cattle, especially by causing abortions. Globally, BVDVs are classified into three genetically distinct types: BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and BVDV-3. Despite the presence of all three groups in Türkiye, BVDV-1 is by far the most prevalent. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of BVDV detected in materials from aborted fetus between 2017 and 2020 in western Türkiye. Sequence and phylogenetic analyzes were performed based on the 5"-UTR and Npro gene regions of BVDVs from samples, which tested positive using real time RT-PCR. According to pairwise similarity and cluster analysis the samples clustered into three different sub-types, with one dominant subtype 1d (n=4). The remaining samples clustered within subtype 1l (n=3) and 1f (n=2). In this study, different subtypes were found in abortion materials submitted from the same region. Since different subtypes of BVDV were identified even in a small geographical area of Türkiye, it is essential to prepare control and eradication programs through specific vaccination, diagnostic and mitigation programs coordinated by national government, to prevent the spread of these viruses

Identification and molecular characterisation of bovine parainfluenza virus-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus - first report from Turkey

Introduction: Bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPIV3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) are the cause of respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. With other pathogens, they cause bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in ruminants. The aim of the study was the detection and molecular characterisation of BPIV3 and BRSV from nasal swabs and lung samples of cows in and around the Erzurum region of eastern Turkey. Material and Methods: In total, 155 samples were collected. Of animals used in the study 92 were males and 63 females. The age of the animals was between 9 months and 5 years, mean 1.4 years. Most males were in the fattening period and being raised in open sheds; females were in the lactating period and kept in free stall barns. All samples were tested for the presence of viral genes using RT-PCR. Gene-specific primers in a molecular method (RT-PCR) identified BRSV (fusion gene) and BPIV3 (matrix gene) strains at the genus level. Results: RNA from BRSV and BPIV3 was detected in two (1.29%) and three (1.93%) samples, respectively, one of each of which was sequenced and the sequences were aligned with reference virus strains. Phylogenetic analyses clustered the strains in genotype C/BPIV3 and subgroup III/BRSV. Conclusion: The results indicate that BRSV and BPIV3 contribute to bovine respiratory disease cases in Turkey. This is the first report on their detection and molecular characterisation in ruminants in Turkey

Investigation and sequence analysis of avian polyomavirus and psittacine beak and feather disease virus from companion birds in eastern Turkey

Avian polyomavirus (APV) and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) induce contagious and persistent diseases that affect the beaks, feathers, and immune systems of companion birds. APV causes hepatitis, ascites, hydropericardium, depression, feather disorders, abdominal distension, and potentially death. PBFDV can induce progressive beak deformity, feather dystrophy, and plumage loss. We conducted the first prevalence survey of both APV and PBFDV infections in companion birds in eastern Turkey