Factors of compliance of a child with rules in a Russian cultural context

© 2016 EECERA.The article covers the analysis of the child’s psychology compliance with culture rules – the cultural congruence. The description of the technique aimed to detect the cultural congruence of five- to six-year-old children is presented. The technique is made on the basis of the revealed range of rules of a child’s and adult’s interaction in a social situation. It provides the possibility to determine the child’s compliance with the norms according to four scales, in combination they form the cultural congruence indicator. Scales of cultural congruence are correlated to a number of factors: ‘compliance with adult’s expectations, ‘obedience’, ‘self-control’, ‘observance of safety rules’, ‘self-care’. The technique of cultural congruence determination is approved for the Russian sample of children living in the megalopolis with the population over one million people. Along with the empirical material, special attention is paid to the theoretical analysis of differences in the positions ‘personality’ and ‘subject’ in their interaction with culture as the system of standard situations

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION (COMBINATIONS OF DRUGS FOR GENERAL ANESTHESIA) OF NEUROLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH NEOPLASMS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Introduction: the problem of neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects of drugs for general anesthesia is relevant in connection with a large number of cases of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Objectives: the aim of the study was to develop a goal-oriented combination of drugs for general anesthesia, based on a retrospective assessment of the baseline level of neurological and cognitive disorders in adults and children at the stage of preparation for surgery for neoplasms of the central nervous system (sub- and supratentorial neoplasms – SubTNN and SupraTNN), and a prospective evaluation of complications in the postoperative period. Methods: an experimental prospective multicenter open-label study. Criteria for including patients in the study. Patients over 5 years divided into subgroups of children (5-17 years) and adults (over 18 years), with neoplasms of the CNS, with indications for surgical treatment (operation: total or subtotal neoplasm removal). We examined 303 adult patients and 125 children who underwent surgery for CNS neoplasms of different localization. Results: а special feature in the initial assessment of the severity of patients with ICP tumor origin is the relationship not only with neurological deficits (GCS 11.0 ± 3.0 points, MMSE 23.0 ± 2.2 points, MRC 3.2 ± 1.1 points), but with multiple organ damage according to the SOFA scale (up to 4-5 systems, with an estimate of 12.0 ± 3.5 points). The constant intraoperative risks associated with ICP syndrome include: a chance of developing hemodynamic instability in adults from 32.1 to 32.7% for SubTNN, in children up to 30% for SubTNN. Characteristics of the dynamics of neurospecific proteins were first isolated depending on the indicators of central and cerebral dynamics in children and adults with neoplasms of the central nervous system. Disturbance of cerebral hemodynamics and the presence of the main pathology (neoplasms of the posterior cranial fossa – PCF) in patients of the SubTNN group caused an increase in the value of the S-100 protein. The mean values were 0.239 ± 0.13 μg/ml, Me = 0.179 (0.171-0.19) in adults and 0.251 ± 0.093, Me = 0.16 (0.12-0.2) in children, which was higher than normal. When assessing the degree of neuroregeneration by the level of the CNTF value, it was revealed that the mean values were significantly increased in the subgroups of adults and children, and amounted to 17.64 ± 7.92 pg/ml, Me = 11.63 (9.37-12.26) in adults, and 12.9 ± 0.71, Me = 11.35 (8.46-12.18) in children. In the SupraTNN group, the elevated levels of the average S-100 protein values up to 0.266 ± 0.043 μg/ml, Me = 0.148 (0.129-0.145) were found in adults, and up to 0.225 ± 0.04 μg/ml, Me = 0.135 (0.092-0.165) in children. The degree of neurodegenerative processes, due to the supratentorial neoplasm, was high in both children and adults. At the same time, mean values of the level of CNTF in this group were significantly higher than in all comparison groups and amounted to 27.09 ± 11.5 pg/ml, Me = 17.76 (14.55-20.7) in adults, and 26.24 ± 5.06 pg/ml, Me = 14.56 (12.04-15.84) in children. Multicomponent modifications of general anesthesia for patients with neoplasms of the central nervous system aimed at correction and prevention of neuro-cognitive impairment by the influence on the links of the stress system have been developed. To stimulate the stress-limiting (SL) link, benzodiazepines, sodium oxybutyrate are used, barbiturates, inhalation anesthetics are used to stimulate the stress-limiting link and inhibit the stress-activating (SA) link, ketamine is used to stimulate the stress-activating link, clonidine is used for simultaneous stimulation of the stress-activating and stress-limiting link, and fentanyl is used for simultaneous suppression of stress-activating and stress-limiting elements. Conclusion: The revealed age-specific features of neuro-cognitive deficits in patients with neoplasms of the central nervous system indicate the need for an individual pharmacological approach to the combination of drugs for general anesthesia, with an aim to reduce postoperative deficits

Substantiation of lubricant selection for drilling technology

The relevance of the work is caused by the need to increase the effectiveness of lubricating materials used in drilling technology. In general, their application leads to reduction in abrasive and fatigue wear of tool material, and increases the service life of drilling equipment, which is especially important for trouble-free operation and improvement of technical and economic parameters during well drilling. The aim of the research is to develop a procedure for selecting the optimal lubricant composition to improve the durability and tightness of drilling tool threaded connections by determining the thickness of the boundary layers of various lubricants at the specially designed unit. Research methods. Laboratory tests of properties (average thickness of lubricant layer, critical load, welding load, load wear index, wear indications) of various lubricating compositions were carried out at the developed test unit and using the four-ball friction machine ChMT-1. Results. The developed express method of lubricant selection according to load-carrying capacity based on the lubricating layer specific thickness calculation (the «pile» method) allows us to choose the optimum type from the lubricant compositions tested. The authors have determined the optimum percentage of additive content based on sulfur compounds added to improve the P-416 thread lubricant for pipe locking threads. The test unit developed is recommended for further preliminary studies of lubricant properties. Conclusions and recommendations. The authors have developed the express technique for optimal selection of lubricant according to its carrying capacity (technique of determining lubricant boundary thickness by the «pile» method), tested the MFA based on sulfur compounds. The research results showed that MFA additive in certain limits of the ratio to the lubricant increases the threaded connection susceptibility to loads, decreases rubbing surface wear and extends the service life of frictional elements. The authors recommend to apply the device developed for further studies of lubricant features

Development of luminescent serum for diagnostics of animal bacillus anthracix agent

The purpose of the study was to obtain luminescent serum based on highly purified anthracoid globulins to diagnose anthrax agents in animals. To date, there are plenty diagnostic agents that allow rapid and accurate diagnostics of infectious diseases of animals. One of them is the luminescent microscopy of the fluorescent antibody method, which is used as an express method and provides for diagnostics within 3-5 hours. Hyperimmune serum globulins prepared on two types of antigens – protective from strain 55 (VNIIVViM) and capsular from Lange-2 strain at five-fold scheme of introduction of these antigens – were used to make luminescent anthracoid serum. The luminescent serum made on the basis of highly purified anthracoid globulins has a coloring titer (specific activity) of 1:16. When examining the specificity of the obtained luminescent serum in smears from anthrax agent strains, clear fluorescence was observed with more intense luminescence along the periphery of microbial cells

Corporate Social Responsibility as an Alternative Approach to Financial Risk Management: Advantages for Sustainable Development

Using the example of the COVID-19 global crisis (2020), we prove the low effectiveness of the existing approach to managing the financial risks of investments based on commercial investments. For this, we performed an applied quantitative study based on the statistics from the World Bank for 2020 and the Forbes Global 2000 ranking in 2021, using as an example 17 developing countries with lower-middle and upper-middle incomes from different regions of the world. As an alternative, we suggest a new approach for managing the financial risks of investments, which is based on corporate social responsibility. It implies the placement of long-term, large-scale investments in social and ecological innovations based on the mechanism of public-private partnership. We substantiated the high effectiveness and advantages of the new approach. The new approach to financial risk management amid a crisis was more effective (in comparison with the existing approach) for businesses (ensures higher return on investments, allows avoiding losses), the government (contributes more to economic growth, the probability of which achievement is higher), and for society (supports SDGs to a larger extent and contributes to sustainable development). This paper contributes to the development of the Theory of Investments (Neo-Keynesianism) and fills a gap in the literature, bridging the gap between the Theory of Investments and the Theory of Sustainable Development—outlining the perspectives of the simultaneous overcoming of economic crises and supporting sustainable development during the management of financial investment risks based on corporate social responsibility

Photoconductivity of Thin Films Obtained from a New Type of Polyindole

The optoelectronic properties of a new poly(2-ethyl-3-methylindole) (MPIn) are discussed in this paper. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra were studied. The electronic spectrum of MPIn showed a single absorption maximum at 269 nm that is characteristic of the entire series of polyindoles. The fluorescence spectra show that the emission peaks of the test sample are centered around 520 nm. The photoconductivity of thin film samples of MPIn polyindole was studied by measuring the current-voltage characteristics under ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 350 nm. Samples of phototransistors were obtained, where thin films of MPIn polyindole were used as a transport layer, and their characteristics were measured and analyzed. The value of the quantum efficiency and the values of the mobility of charge carriers in thin polyindole films were estimated

Substantiation of lubricant selection for drilling technology

Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью улучшения эксплуатационных свойств смазочных материалов, применяемых в буровой технологии. В целом их использование приводит к уменьшению абразивного и усталостного износа материала рабочих инструментов, увеличивает срок службы бурового оборудования и бурильного инструмента, что особенно важно для безаварийной работы и повышения технико-экономических показателей при бурении скважин. Цель исследования: разработать методику выбора оптимального образца смазочной композиции для повышения долговечности и герметичности резьбовых соединений бурильного инструмента путем определения толщины граничного слоя различных смазочных материалов на специально разработанном устройстве. Методы исследования. Лабораторные испытания свойств (средняя толщина граничного смазочного слоя, критическая нагрузка, нагрузка сваривания, индекс задира, показания износа) различных смазывающих композиций проведены на разработанном устройстве и четырехшариковой машине трения ЧМТ-1 (ГОСТ 32501-2013). Результаты. Разработанный экспрессный метод выбора смазочного материала по несущей способности, основанный на определении удельной толщины граничного смазочного слоя (метод «стопы»), позволяет подобрать оптимальный образец из испытуемых смазочных композиций. Проведены исследования по определению оптимального процентного содержания присадки на основе соединений серы, добавляемой с целью улучшения эксплуатационных свойств резьбовой смазки Р-416 (ТУ 301-04-020-92). Рекомендовано применение разработанного устройства для дальнейших исследований эксплуатационных свойств смазочных материалов. Выводы и рекомендации. Разработан экспрессный метод оптимального выбора смазочного материала по несущей способности (методика определения толщины граничного слоя смазки методом "стопы"), испытана присадка МФП-1 на основе сернистых соединений. Результаты испытаний показали, что присадка МФП-1, в определенных пределах соотношения к смазочному материалу, повышает устойчивость к нагрузкам, уменьшает износ трущихся поверхностей и продлевает срок службы элементов трения. Рекомендуется применение разработанного устройства для дальнейших исследований свойств смазочных материалов.The relevance of the work is caused by the need to increase the effectiveness of lubricating materials used in drilling technology. In general, their application leads to reduction in abrasive and fatigue wear of tool material, and increases the service life of drilling equipment, which is especially important for trouble-free operation and improvement of technical and economic parameters during well drilling. The aim of the research is to develop a procedure for selecting the optimal lubricant composition to improve the durability and tightness of drilling tool threaded connections by determining the thickness of the boundary layers of various lubricants at the specially designed unit. Research methods. Laboratory tests of properties (average thickness of lubricant layer, critical load, welding load, load wear index, wear indications) of various lubricating compositions were carried out at the developed test unit and using the four-ball friction machine ChMT-1. Results. The developed express method of lubricant selection according to load-carrying capacity based on the lubricating layer specific thickness calculation (the «pile» method) allows us to choose the optimum type from the lubricant compositions tested. The authors have determined the optimum percentage of additive content based on sulfur compounds added to improve the P-416 thread lubricant for pipe locking threads. The test unit developed is recommended for further preliminary studies of lubricant properties. Conclusions and recommendations. The authors have developed the express technique for optimal selection of lubricant according to its carrying capacity (technique of determining lubricant boundary thickness by the «pile» method), tested the MFA based on sulfur compounds. The research results showed that MFA additive in certain limits of the ratio to the lubricant increases the threaded connection susceptibility to loads, decreases rubbing surface wear and extends the service life of frictional elements. The authors recommend to apply the device developed for further studies of lubricant features