Measurement of fisheries compliance outcomes : a preliminary national study : FRDC final report

This report presents the results of a project undertaken by a group of Australia and United States based fishery compliance experts to assess and compare methods for measuring fisheries compliance outcomes that can be used to assess and compare the effectiveness of fishery enforcement and compliance assistance activities. This eight month project was requested in 2013 by Australia’s National Fisheries Compliance Committee (NFCC) as a way to provide fisheries compliance groups with improved methods for measuring and tracking the effectiveness of their activities and for justifying and managing their budgets

A computer model of global thermospheric winds and temperatures

A computer model of the global, time-dependent, thermospheric horizontal vector neutral wind and neutral temperature fields has been constructed based on output from the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model (NCAR-TGCM). The wind field is represented by a vector spherical harmonic (VSH) expansion in the horizontal, a fourier expansion in Universal Time, and a polynomial expansion in altitude. The global temperature field representation differs in that a scalar spherical harmonic expansion is used in the horizontal and a Bates model temperature profile is used in altitude. A set of suitably-truncated spectral coefficients contains the wind and temperature description for a diurnally-reproducible run of the NCAR-TGCM. The VSH model is coded in a FORTRAN subroutine that returns vector wind and temperature values for a given UT, geographic location, and altitude. The model has applicability for studies of thermospheric and/or ionospheric physics were reasonable time-dependent neutral wind and temperature values are of interest. The routine is novel since portable computer models of thermospheric wind fields have not previously been available to researchers. The current version of the model is valid for solar maximum, December solstice only, although the model can be extended to any season and specific set of geophysical conditions for which TGCM results are available. Results from the VSH computer model are presented to compare with global-scale wind measurements from the Dynamics Explorer (DE-2) satellite. The agreement between the computer model results and data from individual orbits of DE-2 is good, indicating that the model provides reasonable wind values, having the appropriate characteristic latitudinal, diurnal, and Universal-Time-dependent signatures observed from the satellite at upper thermospheric altitudes. The VSH thermospheric temperature values are in general agreement with MSIS-83 temperatures but illustrate smaller-scale horizontal temperature structures than are resolved by MSIS-83, owing to the larger number of spectral harmonics retained.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26911/1/0000477.pd

Cement brand and preparation effects cement-in-cement mantle shear strength

Creating bi-laminar cement mantles as part of revision hip arthroplasty is well-documented but there is a lack of data concerning the effect of cement brand on the procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the shear strength of bi-laminar cement mantles using various combinations of two leading bone cement brands. Bi-laminar cement mantles were created using Simplex P with Tobramycin, and Palacos R+G: Simplex-Simplex (SS); Simplex-Palacos (SP); Palacos-Simplex (PS); and Palacos-Palacos (PP). Additionally, specimens were produced by rasping (R) the surface of the original mantle, or leaving it unrasped (U), leading to a total of eight groups (n = 10). Specimens were loaded in shear, at 0.1 mm/min, until failure, and the maximum shear strength calculated. The highest mean shear strength was found in the PSU and PSR groups (23.69 and 23.89 MPa respectively), and the lowest in the PPU group (14.70 MPa), which was significantly lower than all but two groups. Unrasped groups generally demonstrated greater standard error than rasped groups. In a further comparison to assess the effect of the new cement mantle brand, irrespective of the brand of the original mantle, Simplex significantly increased the shear strength compared to Palacos with equivalent preparation. It is recommended that the original mantle is rasped prior to injection of new cement, and that Simplex P with Tobramycin be used in preference to Palacos R+G irrespective of the existing cement type. Further research is needed to investigate more cement brands, and understand the underlying mechanisms relating to cement-in-cement procedures. </jats:p

The Landscape of Connected Cancer Symptom Management in Rural America: A Narrative Review of Opportunities for Launching Connected Health Interventions

Background: The 2016 President’s Cancer Panel called for projects focusing on improving cancer symptom management using connected health technologies (broadband and telecommunications). However, rural communities, like those in Appalachia, may experience a “double burden” of high cancer rates and lower rates of broadband access and adoption necessary for connected health solutions. Purpose: To better understand the current landscape of connected health in the management of cancer symptoms in rural America. Methods: A literature search was conducted using four academic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO) to locate articles published from 2010 to 2019 relevant to connected cancer symptom management in rural America. Text screening was conducted to identify relevant publications. Results: Among 17 reviewed studies, four were conducted using a randomized controlled trial; the remainder were formative in design or small pilot projects. Five studies engaged stakeholders from rural communities in designing solutions. Most commonly studied symptoms were psychological/emotional symptoms, followed by physical symptoms, particularly pain. Technologies used were primarily telephone-based; few were Internet-enabled video conferencing or web-based. Advanced mobile and Internet-based approaches were generally in the development phase. Overall, both rural patients and healthcare providers reported high acceptance, usage, and satisfaction of connected health technologies. Ten of the 17 studies reported improved symptom management outcomes. Methodological challenges that limited the interpretation of the findings were summarized. Implications: The review identified a need to engage rural stakeholders to develop and test connected cancer symptom management solutions that are based on advanced mobile and broadband Internet technologies

Experiencing Cancer in Appalachian Kentucky

Nothing tells the story of people working together better than a community quilt. A diversity of talents, colors, and materials brought together through skill and shared purpose. Perhaps never before have we as Americans needed a stronger reminder that many hands make short work of big problems. The work presented here by the L.A.U.N.C.H. Collaborative offers a new framework for health care that could be compared to a digital quilt, powered by community-based participatory design, with lived expertise and the newest advances in broadband-enabled connected health solutions. This work demonstrates the value and need to engage local communities and what can be learned when beneficiaries and traditional caregivers work together to develop healthcare solutions

Observations of C-Band Brightness Temperature and Ocean Surface Wind Speed and Rain Rate in Hurricanes Earl And Karl (2010)

Ocean surface emission is affected by: a) Sea surface temperature. b) Wind speed (foam fraction). c) Salinity After production of calibrated Tb fields, geophysical fields wind speed and rain rate (or column) are retrieved. HIRAD utilizes NASA Instrument Incubator Technology: a) Provides unique observations of sea surface wind, temp and rain b) Advances understanding & prediction of hurricane intensity c) Expands Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer capabilities d) Uses synthetic thinned array and RFI mitigation technology of Lightweight Rain Radiometer (NASA Instrument Incubator) Passive Microwave C-Band Radiometer with Freq: 4, 5, 6 & 6.6 GHz: a) Version 1: H-pol for ocean wind speed, b) Version 2: dual ]pol for ocean wind vectors. Performance Characteristics: a) Earth Incidence angle: 0deg - 60deg, b) Spatial Resolution: 2-5 km, c) Swath: approx.70 km for 20 km altitude. Observational Goals: WS 10 - >85 m/s RR 5 - > 100 mm/hr

Atomic Resonance and Scattering

Contains research objectives and summary of research on eight research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant PHY75-15421-A01)U. S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Grant AFOSR 76-2972)Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAB07-76-C-1400)U. S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Contract F44620-72-C-0057

Barn-Raising on the Digital Frontier: The L.A.U.N.C.H. Collaborative

A meta-analysis of oncology papers from around the world revealed that cancer patients who lived more than 50 miles away from hospital centers routinely presented with more advanced stages of disease at diagnosis, exhibited lower adherence to prescribed treatments, presented with poorer diagnoses, and reported a lower quality of life than patients who lived nearer to care facilities. Connected health approaches—or the use of broadband and telecommunications technologies to evaluate, diagnose, and monitor patients beyond the clinic—are becoming an indispensable tool in medicine to overcome the obstacle of distance

A comparison of wind observations of the upper thermosphere from the dynamics explorer satellite with the predictions of a global time-dependent model

Seven polar passes of the NASA Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE-2) satellite during October and early December 1981 have been used to examine the high-latitude circulation in the upper thermosphere. Vector winds along the satellite track are derived by appropriate merging of the data from the remote-sensing Fabry-Perot interferometer (meridional wind) and the in situ wind and temperature spectrometer (zonal wind) and are compared with the predictions of a three-dimensional, time-dependent, global model of the thermosphere. Major features of the experimental winds, such as the mean day to night circulation caused by solar u.v. and e.u.v. heating, augmented by magnetospheric processes at high latitude and the sharp boundaries and flow reversals imposed on thermospheric winds by momentum transfer (ion drag) from the magnetosphere, are qualitatively explained by a version of the global model using a semi-empirical global model of polar electric fields (Volland Model 2 or Heppner Model A) and a model of global electron density which excludes the effects of high-latitude geomagnetic processes. A second version of the global dynamic model includes a theoretical model of the high-latitude ionosphere which is self-consistent and reflects the enhancement of ionization due to magnetospheric phenomena acting in addition to solar e.u.v. photo-ionization, including the interactive processes which occur between ionization and high latitude ion convection and thermospheric winds. This second dynamical model shows an improved comparison with the structure and magnitude of polar cap and auroral oval winds at times of other than extremely low geomagnetic activity, when the first model appears a better match. An improved empirical description of the complex magnetospheric processes exciting the thermosphere in the vicinity of the dayside polar cusp and an empirical description of storm-time electric fields will be required for a quantitative explanation of the polar thermospheric winds during geomagnetic substorm events.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25079/1/0000510.pd

The high latitude circulation and temperature structure of the thermosphere near solstice

The neutral gas temperature and circulation of the thermosphere are calculated for December solstice conditions near solar cycle maximum using NCAR's thermospheric general circulation model (TGCM). High-latitude heat and momentum sources significantly alter the basic solar-driven circulation during solstice. At F-region heights, the increased ion density in the summer hemisphere results in a larger ion drag momentum source for the neutral gas than in the winter hemisphere. As a result there are larger wind velocities and a greater tendency for the neutral gas to follow the magnetospheric convection pattern in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere. There is about three times more Joule heating in the summer than the winter hemisphere for moderate levels of geomagnetic activity due to the greater electrical conductivity in the summer E-region ionosphere.The results of several TGCM runs are used to show that at F-region heights it is possible to linearly combine the solar-driven and high-latitude driven solutions to obtain the total temperature structure and circulation to within 10-20%. In the lower thermosphere, however, non-linear terms cause significant departures and a linear superposition of fields is not valid.The F-region winds at high latitudes calculated by the TGCM are also compared to the meridional wind derived from measurements by the Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) and the zonal wind derived from measurements by the Wind and Temperature Spectrometer (WATS) instruments onboard the Dynamics Explorer (DE-2) satellite for a summer and a winter day. For both examples, the observed and modeled wind patterns are in qualitative agreement, indicating a dominant control of high latitude winds by ion drag. The magnitude of the calculated winds (400-500 m s-1) for the assumed 60 kV cross-tail potential, however, is smaller than that of the measured winds (500-800 m s-1). This suggests the need for an increased ion drag momentum source in the model calculations due to enhanced electron densities, higher ion drift velocities, or some combination that needs to be further denned from the DE-2 satellite measurements.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25054/1/0000482.pd