Richness and Scarcity of the Flora of White Sea Islands

This paper provides basic information about the flora of vascular plants on more than 100 islands in the White Sea. The islands differ in size, remoteness from the mainland, aggregation into archipelagos, coastline serration, freshwater bodies and watercourses, geological structure and age, and human pressure. In total, over 700 species of vascular plants have been recorded from the islands. The number of native species varies from zero on rocky islets to 337 on Bolshoi Solovetsky Island. This depends mainly on the island’s area, and to a lesser extent on isolation, geological structure, and coastline serration. On smaller and more remote islands, significant deviations from the ”basic” taxonomic and geographical structure of the local boreal flora occur due to a gradual decrease in the proportion of boreal species and an increase in the proportion of species with a more northern distribution. The role of the Poaceae family increases sharply in the taxonomic spectrum. In the geographical structure, the distribution of latitudinal fractions changes significantly - the share of species with a northern distribution increases to 43%. The taxonomic structure and ratio of geographic elements of many island floras are similar to those of islands in northerner (more arctic) latitudes. Keywords: White Sea, island, vascular plants, biodiversit

SHP656, a polysialylated recombinant factor VIII (PSA-rFVIII): First-in-human study evaluating safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in patients with severe haemophilia A

Introduction SHP656 is the first factor VIII (FVIII) product developed using polysialylation (PSA) technology, in which full‐length recombinant (r) FVIII (anti‐haemophilic factor [recombinant]) is conjugated with a 20 kDa PSA polymer. Aim To compare the safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics of SHP656 vs the parent rFVIII (octocog alfa) after single infusions of 25‐75 IU/kg in patients with severe haemophilia A (FVIII activity <1%). Methods Multinational, phase 1, prospective, open‐label, two‐period, fixed‐sequence, dose‐escalation trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02716194). Patients received single doses of rFVIII and then SHP656 sequentially at the same dose: 25 ± 3 IU/kg (Cohort 1), 50 ± 5 IU/kg (Cohort 2) and 75 ± 5 IU/kg (Cohort 3). Results Forty patients received rFVIII: 11 in Cohort 1, 16 in Cohort 2 and 13 in Cohort 3. Two patients withdrew before receiving SHP656, leaving 38 patients who completed the study and received both treatments. No treatment‐related adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, deaths, study withdrawals, thrombotic events or allergic reactions were reported; and no significant treatment‐related changes in laboratory parameters or vital signs. No patients developed FVIII inhibitors or antibodies to PSA. FVIII activity was significantly prolonged following SHP656 administration vs rFVIII with an approximately 1.5‐fold extension in mean residence time (P < .05). Exposure increased proportional to the SHP656 dose over the 25‐75 IU/kg dose range

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРО- И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ СИСТЕМ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ БОЛЬНЫХ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНЫМ РАКОМ

In this paper, we study prooxidant and antioxidant processes in the erythrocytes of patients with colorectal cancer. Тhe state of the antioxidant system was assessed by the content of GSH, the activity of SOD, catalase, GPO, GST. The state of the prooxidant system was assessed by the level of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde. A decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the intensification of lipid peroxidation in patients with colorectal cancer has been shown.В данной работе изучаются прооксидантные и антиоксидантные процессы в эритроцитах больных колоректальным раком. О работе АОС судили по содержанию восстановленного глутатиона, активности супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы, глутатионпероксидазы и глутатион-S-трансферазы. Состояние прооксидантной системы оценивали по уровню диеновых конъюгатов и малонового диальдегида. У больных колоректальным раком показано снижение активности антиоксидантных ферментов и интенсификация перикисного окисления липидов

Sanitary, Hygienic and Organizational Criteria for Reducing the Risk of COVID-19

Novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) was identified in December 2019 in the People’s Republic of China, and it started emerging as an international healthcare emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic might represent the tip of the iceberg, and it is the responsibility of all public healthcare authorities and experts to develop an adequate response using the right protocols and instruments to ensure public safety. As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we proposed a set of approaches to prevent the risk of COVID-19: risk assessment criteria, a preventive action plan, an occupational classification system, and sanitary-hygienic principles. All these approaches are beneficial in developing policies and decisions for improving the performance and the outcomes of national and global public health authorities. The risk measurement scale (high risk, medium risk, and low risk) can be used to measure the risk magnitude of contracting coronavirus infection, and to classify occupations according to the coronavirus infectious risk. Furthermore, an essential strategy for reducing the coronavirus risk is introducing sanitary-hygienic principles (time protection, distance protection, and impact scale protection) and the preventive action plan (reconsidering architectural standards, designing and building modular hospitals and modular equipment, and preparing a professional workforce)

Catalase Activity of IgGs of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, leads to various manifestations of the post-COVID syndrome, including diabetes, heart and kidney disease, thrombosis, neurological and autoimmune diseases and, therefore, remains, so far, a significant public health problem. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to the hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing adverse effects on oxygen transfer efficiency, iron homeostasis, and erythrocytes deformation, contributing to thrombus formation. In this work, the relative catalase activity of the serum IgGs of patients recovered from COVID-19, healthy volunteers vaccinated with Sputnik V, vaccinated with Sputnik V after recovering from COVID-19, and conditionally healthy donors were analyzed for the first time. Previous reports show that along with canonical antioxidant enzymes, the antibodies of mammals with superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities are involved in controlling reactive oxygen species levels. We here show that the IgGs from patients who recovered from COVID-19 had the highest catalase activity, and this was statistically significantly higher each compared to the healthy donors (1.9-fold), healthy volunteers vaccinated with Sputnik V (1.4-fold), and patients vaccinated after recovering from COVID-19 (2.1-fold). These data indicate that COVID-19 infection may stimulate the production of antibodies that degrade hydrogen peroxide, which is harmful at elevated concentrations

COVID-19 in Dental Settings: Novel Risk Assessment Approach

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern, and this emergency led to postponing elective dental care procedures. The postponing aimed to protect the public from an unknown risk caused by COVID-19. At the beginning of the outbreak, for public health authorities, the aerosol-generating procedures and the close proximity between dental care workers and patients in dentistry represented sufficient justification for the delay of dental visits. Dental care is a priority, and for many years, studies have proven that the lack and delay of dental care can cause severe consequences for the oral health of the general population, which can cause a high global burden of oral diseases. Safety is necessary while resuming dental activities, and risk assessment is an efficient method for understanding and preventing the COVID-19 infectious threats facing the dental industry and affecting dental care workers and patients. In this study, for safe dental care delivery, we adapted risk assessment criteria and an approach and an occupational classification system. Based on those tools, we also recommend measures that can help to minimize infectious risk in dental settings

Evaluation of the effect on endogenous factor VIII activity (FVIII: C) after recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF) administration during the elective surgery study in patients with severe von Willebrand disease (VWD)

WOS: 000431993300190Shire; PfizerPfizer; CSL Behring; Shire Development LLC (Lexington, MA)FP: consultancy (Freeline, Kedrion, Biopharma, LFB, Octapharma); honoraria for participating as a speaker at educational meetings (Ablynx, Bayer, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Sobi); member of advisory board (Ablynx, F. Hoffmann-La Roche). JDW: research funding (Shire); honoraria (Shire, Bayer, Novo Nordisk). AM, CAMvA, OS, MT, NC, ARC, and TTY: nothing to disclose. KK: honoraria (Shire); member of advisory board (Shire). GC: research funding (directly to institution from Pfizer, CSL Behring); membership on an entity's board of directors, speakers bureau, or its advisory committee (CSL Behring, Shire, Bayer, Sobi, Novo Nordisk, Kedrion, Genzyme, Pfizer). BP and AS are employees of Shire. Funding for development of this abstract was provided by Shire Development LLC (Lexington, MA) to C4 MedSolutions, LLC (Yardley, PA), a CHC Group company