High purity β-Bi2O3 preparation by thermal decomposition of tartrates

The processes of oxidative thermolysis of bismuth(III) DL-tartrate BiC4H3O6 obtained by the interaction of high-purity basic bismuth(III) nitrates [Bi6O4(OH)4](NO3)6·H2O and [Bi6O5(OH)3](NO3)5·3H2O with DL-tartaric acid solution have been investigated. The products of precipitation have been studied by methods of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The staging of thermal transformation processes has been determined. Morphological studies and grain size analysis of initial precursors and final products of their thermal transformations have been carried out. The possibility of obtaining fine crystalline powders of tetragonal bismuth(III) oxide modification β-Bi2O3 by oxidative thermolysis of DL-BiC4H3O6 has been shown

Huvitava füüsika tunni tunnused põhikooli õpilaste arvamusel

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4482731*es

Tribenzoatobismuth(III): a new ­polymorph

A new polymorph (β) was obtained for an active pharmaceutical ingredient, bis­muth tribenzoate, [Bi(C6H5CO2)3]. The new β-polymorph is 1.05 times denser than the previously known polymorph [Rae et al. (1998 ▶). Acta Cryst. B54, 438–442]. In the β-polymorph, the Bi atom is linked with three benzoate anions, each of them acting as a bidentate ligand, and these assemblies with C 3 point symmetry can be considered as ‘mol­ecules’. The structure of the β-polymorph has no polymeric chains, in contrast to the previously known polymorph. The ‘mol­ecules’ in the β-polymorph are stacked along [001], so that the phenyl rings of the neighbouring mol­ecules are parallel to each other. Based on the pronounced difference in the crystal structures, one can suppose that two polymorphs should differ in the dissolution kinetics and bioavailability

Revisiting the notion of "sustainable tourism" for legal regulation purposes in Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus

The article considers theoretical aspects of a most important contemporary issue, i.e. modern approaches to sustainable tourism. The study shows the main relationships of the phenomenon with sustainable economic and social development. The research results in identification of the essential characteristics (signs) of sustainable tourism, i.e. for the legal regulation purposes. The concept of “sustainable tourism” for deliberate influence of the state on public relations in tourism using special legal means and methods was defined. The conclusions may improve the current regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Changes and additions to the national laws on tourism are suggested and justified. They relate to introduction of the definition of the concept of “sustainable tourism” and inclusion of the principle of sustainable tourism development

An effect of anti-stress feed additives on broiler productivity and meat quality

The paper presents the study on an impact of feed additives Peak anti-stress and SPAO (SPAO-complex) with different lithium content on meat productivity and meat quality of broiler chickens. The feed additives exert a pronounced metabolic effect, have adaptogen properties and allow forming a mechanism that facilitates compensation of the expenditure of the body, which significantly increases upon stress development. It was established that the average daily gain of the broiler chickens increased by 1.8% and 4.3% on the background of using SPAO-complex and Peak anti-stress, respectively, compared to the broiler chickens that did not receive the feed additives in the daily diet. It was shown that addition of feed additives with lithium into a diet led to an improvement of the indices of broiler meat productivity and meat quality: a level of yield of the carcasses of the 1st category increased up to 56.2–79.1%, high organoleptic indices of meat were ensured, the protein content in white and red chicken meat increased and functional-technological properties of minced meat improved. The use of feed additives ensured profitability of industrial poultry production; the highest indices of profitability were established upon introduction of the feed additive Peak anti-stress into a diet — up to 8.67 rubles per each ruble of expenses. The obtained results of the study should be taken into consideration in the technological processes when raising broiler chickens

Resource Conservation in the Concept of Green Economy Development

Вопросы повышения энергоэффективности применяемых возобновляемых источников энергии для достижения устойчивого развития в рамках зеленой экономики рассматриваются на фоне определенной угрозы истощения традиционных источников энергии. Курс на зеленую экономику закреплен в Программе ООН по окружающей среде и Декларации о внедрении принципов зеленой экономики РФ и поддерживается выпуском «зеленых» облигаций. Сохранение баланса между традиционными и возобновляемыми источниками энергии обеспечит устойчивость экономики.The issues of increasing the energy efficiency of renewable energy sources used to achieve sustainable development in the framework of a green economy are considered against the background of a certain threat of depletion of traditional energy sources. The course towards a green economy is enshrined in the UN Environment Programme and the Declaration on the Implementation of the Principles of the Green Economy of the Russian Federation and is supported by the issue of "green" bonds. Maintaining a balance between traditional and renewable energy sources will ensure the sustainability of the economy

From Environmental Friendliness to Safe Utilitarianism

Концепция устойчивого развития экономики во многом определяется развитием энергетического сектора, в котором доля атомной энергии в глобальном производстве электрической энергии составляет 17 %, обеспечивая безопасность, экономичность и уменьшение производственных отходов. Утилитарность атомных (радиационных) технологий в так называемом гражданском секторе расширяет возможность их применения для обработки ионизирующим излучением продовольственного сырья и пищевой продукции.The concept of sustainable economic development is largely determined by the development of the energy sector, in which the share of nuclear energy in global electricity production is 17%, ensuring safety, efficiency and reduction of industrial waste. The utilitarianism of atomic (radiation) technologies in the so-called civil sector expands the possibility of their application for processing food raw materials and food products with ionizing radiation

Дорожная карта укрепления безопасности и обороны Европы: перспективы реализации «Стратегического компаса» ЕС

The European Union continues to develop the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Adopted in March 2022, the EU’s “Strategic Compass for Security and Defense” in the next decade should become a roadmap for the development of the EU’s ambitions, stated in the 2003 and 2016 EU Strategies. The Strategic Compass offers a list of measures to strengthen the defense component in EU policy. They are concentrated in four main areas: crisis management, resilience, capacity building and partnerships. A significant innovation is the proposal to apply the qualified majority voting procedure on certain issues of foreign policy, security and defense policy. As part of the new EU Strategy, it is proposed to create a group of Rapid deployment forces and increase investment in the defense sector. The innovation will also be the holding of EU exercises and the EU Security and Defense Partnership Forum. Specific action plans for the announced initiatives should be developed by the end of 2022, and their implementation is scheduled for 2030. The Strategic Compass was perceived ambiguously — the key points of criticism are the inability of the Union to ensure its own strategic autonomy. In the context of the changed geopolitical situation in Europe, which coincided with the publication of the new Strategy, the EU countries continued to follow the lead of US policy. The emphasis in Compass on the complementarity of the foreign and security and defense policy of the EU in relation to the Alliance confirms that the countries of Europe will tend to rely on the usual institutions of NATO as opposed to the creation of new structures of the European Union. In addition, significant disagreements in the perception of threats by EU member states, as well as the general amorphousness of the Union’s foreign policy initiatives, remain a problem. It is likely that a significant breakthrough in the creation of effective institutions of European foreign policy, security and defense policy will not be achieved, but the acquisition of new powers by the European Commission will strengthen supranational control over the policies of EU member states in these areas.Европейский союз продолжает развивать Общую внешнюю политику и политику безопасности (ОВПБ) и Общую политику безопасности и обороны (ОПБО). Принятый в марте 2022 года «Стратегический компас безопасности и обороны» ЕС в следующем десятилетии должен стать дорожной картой развития амбиций Евросоюза, заявленных в Стратегиях ЕС 2003 и 2016 гг. «Стратегический компас» предлагает перечень мер по усилению оборонного компонента в политике ЕС. Они сконцентрированы в четырех основных сферах: кризисное регулирование, стрессоустойчивость, развитие потенциала и укрепление партнерских отношений. Значимым нововведением является предложение о применении процедуры голосования квалифицированным большинством по некоторым вопросам внешней политики, политики безопасности и обороны. В рамках новой Стратегии ЕС предлагается создать группу Сил быстрого реагирования и увеличить объем инвестиций в оборонную сферу. Нововведением также станет проведение учений ЕС и форума ЕС по партнерству в сферах безопасности и обороны. Конкретные планы действий по заявленным инициативам должны быть разработаны к концу 2022 года, а их реализация назначена на 2030 год. «Стратегический компас» был воспринят неоднозначно — ключевыми пунктами критики являются неспособность Союза обеспечить собственную стратегическую автономию. В условиях изменившейся геополитической ситуации в Европе, которая совпала с моментом публикации новой Стратегии, страны ЕС продолжали действовать в фарватере политики США. Сделанный в Компасе акцент на комплиментарности внешней политики и политики безопасности и обороны ЕС по отношению к альянсу подтверждает, что страны Европы будут склонны полагаться на привычные институты НАТО в противовес созданию новых структур Евросоюза. Кроме того, проблемой остается значительные разногласия в восприятии угроз странами-членами ЕС, а также общая аморфность внешнеполитических инициатив Союза. Велика вероятность, что значительного прорыва в создании эффективных институтов европейской внешней политики, политики безопасности и обороны добиться не удастся, но получение новых полномочий Еврокомиссией позволит усилить наднациональный контроль над политикой стран-членов ЕС в данных сферах

Formation factors of the architecture of multi-level public spaces on the example of the countries of North America and Asia

The goal of the study is to identify characteristic features of multilevel public spaces (MPS’s) and perspectives of their development, based on complex analysis of their formation in the late 20thto early 21st centuries.Authors were able to identify architectural planning factors of MPS formation and functioning in North America and Asia by summarizing the experience in creation of multilevel public spaces by architectural planning means