Atomic Force Analysis of Elastic Deformations of CD

The procedure for the determination of elastic parameters according to reference nanometer lithographic marks by atomic force microscopy on samples with up to microscopic sizes is proposed. Analysis of dynamic changes of elastic characteristics that makes it possible to establish the critical rotation velocity of a CD without plastic deformations has been made. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3367

МИКРОСПЕКТРАЛЬНОЕ РАМАНОВСКОЕ РАССЕЯНИЕ НА УПРУГИХ ДЕФОРМАЦИЯХ БАЛКИ КАНТИЛЕВЕРА

Flexural elastic deformations of single-crystal silicon have been studied using microspectral Raman scattering. Results are reported on nano-scaled sign-changing shifts of the main peak of the microspectral Raman scattering within the single-crystal silicon cantilever beam during exposure to flexural stress. The maximum value of Raman shift characteristic of the silicon peak 518 cm-1 at which elasticity still remains, has been found to be 8 cm−1 which corresponds to an applied deformation of 4 GPa. We report three-dimensional maps of the distribution of internal stresses at different levels of deformation up to irreversible changes and brittle fracture of the samples that clearly show compression and tension areas and an undeformed area. A qualitative explanation of the increase in the strength of the cantilever beam due to its small thickness (2 μm) has been provided that agrees with the predictions of real-world physical parameters obtained in SolidWorks software environment with the SimulationXpress module. We have defined the relative strain of the beam surface which was 2% and received a confirmation of changes in the silicon lattice parameter from 5.4307Е to 5.3195Е by the BFGS algorithm.Изучены изгибные упругие деформации монокристаллического кремния с помощью микроспектрального рамановского рассеяния. Представлены результаты исследований наноразмерных знакопеременных сдвигов основного пика микроспектрального рамановского рассеяния в балке кантилевера из монокристаллического кремния при воздействии на нее изгибных напряжений. Определена максимальная величина рамановского сдвига, характерного для пика кремния (518 см−1), при которой еще сохраняется упругость. Она составила 8 см−1, что соответствовало приложенной деформации 4 ГПа. Приведены трехмерные карты распределения внутренних напряжений при разных уровнях деформирования, вплоть до необратимых изменений и хрупкого разрушения исследуемых образцов, на которых наглядно показаны области сжатия, растяжения и недеформированная. Представлено качественное обоснование возрастания прочности микроразмерной балки кантилевера за счет размерного эффекта (малой ее толщины — 2 мкм), которое согласуется с расчетами реальных физических параметров, выполненными в программной среде SolidWorks с помощью модуля SimulationXpress. Установлено значение относительной деформации поверхности балки, которое составило 2 %, и получено подтверждение изменения периода кристаллической решетки кремния с 0,54307 до 0,53195 нм численными методами по алгоритму Бройдена—Флетчера— Гольдфарба—Шанно

Клинический случай успешного лечения тяжелого рефрактерного подагрического артрита

Цель данной работы — демонстрация дополнительных возможностей лечения тяжелого рефрактерного подагрического артрита, для чего мы приводим клинический случай. Пациент находился на стационарном лечении в терапевтическом отделении Центра реконструктивной и восстановительной медицины (университетская клиника) Одесского национального медицинского университета по поводу тяжелого рефрактерного подагрического артрита, полиартрита с поражением обоих голеностопных суставов, лучезапястных суставов, мелких суставов кистей и стоп. После неудачных попыток лечения пациента «стандартными» методами, мы успешно применили пульс-терапию метилпреднизолоном. Лечение подагрического артрита остается сложной задачей, решение которой требует комплексного подхода с учетом многих факторов, в том числе индивидуальной реакции на назначаемую терапию. Пульс-терапия метилпреднизолоном может быть эффективной в лечении тяжелого острого рефрактерного подагрического артрита.The purpose of this work was to demonstrate additional treatment options for severe refractory gouty arthritis. To achieve this goal we present a clinical case. The patient was on inpatient treatment at the Therapeutic Department of the Center of Reconstructive and Restorative Medicine (University Clinic) of the Odessa National Medical University due to severe refractory gouty arthritis, polyarthritis with injury of both ankle joints, wrist and small joints of the hands and feet. In order to treat the acute attack of gouty arthritis in this patient, we consistently used: colchicine, different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids in mild-to-moderate doses and different analgetics. After unsuccessful attempts to treat the patient with standard methods, we successfully applied pulsed therapy with methylprednisolone. Treatment of gouty arthritis remains a complex task, the solution of which requires an integrated approach taking into account many factors, including individual response to the prescribed therapy. Pulse therapy with methylprednisolone can be effective in treating severe acute refractory gouty arthritis

Drosophila Dynein Intermediate Chain Gene, Dic61B, Is Required for Spermatogenesis

This study reports the identification and characterization of a novel gene, Dic61B, required for male fertility in Drosophila. Complementation mapping of a novel male sterile mutation, ms21, isolated in our lab revealed it to be allelic to CG7051 at 61B1 cytogenetic region, since two piggyBac insertion alleles, CG7051c05439 and CG7051f07138 failed to complement. CG7051 putatively encodes a Dynein intermediate chain. All three mutants, ms21, CG7051c05439 and CG7051f07138, exhibited absolute recessive male sterility with abnormally coiled sperm axonemes causing faulty sperm individualization as revealed by Phalloidin staining in Don Juan-GFP background. Sequencing of PCR amplicons uncovered two point mutations in ms21 allele and confirmed the piggyBac insertions in CG7051c05439 and CG7051f07138 alleles to be in 5′UTR and 4th exon of CG7051 respectively, excision of which reverted the male sterility. In situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes demonstrated CG7051 to be a single copy gene. RT-PCR of testis RNA revealed defective splicing of the CG7051 transcripts in mutants. Interestingly, expression of cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain, α, β, γ tubulins and α-spectrin was normal in mutants while ultra structural studies revealed defects in the assembly of sperm axonemes. Bioinformatics further highlighted the homology of CG7051 to axonemal dynein intermediate chain of various organisms, including DNAI1 of humans, mutations in which lead to male sterility due to immotile sperms. Based on these observations we conclude that CG7051 encodes a novel axonemal dynein intermediate chain essential for male fertility in Drosophila and rename it as Dic61B. This is the first axonemal Dic gene of Drosophila to be characterized at molecular level and shown to be required for spermatogenesis

A Young Drosophila Duplicate Gene Plays Essential Roles in Spermatogenesis by Regulating Several Y-Linked Male Fertility Genes

Gene duplication is supposed to be the major source for genetic innovations. However, how a new duplicate gene acquires functions by integrating into a pathway and results in adaptively important phenotypes has remained largely unknown. Here, we investigated the biological roles and the underlying molecular mechanism of the young kep1 gene family in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup to understand the origin and evolution of new genes with new functions. Sequence and expression analysis demonstrates that one of the new duplicates, nsr (novel spermatogenesis regulator), exhibits positive selection signals and novel subcellular localization pattern. Targeted mutagenesis and whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis provide evidence that nsr is required for male reproduction associated with sperm individualization, coiling, and structural integrity of the sperm axoneme via regulation of several Y chromosome fertility genes post-transcriptionally. The absence of nsr-like expression pattern and the presence of the corresponding cis-regulatory elements of the parental gene kep1 in the pre-duplication species Drosophila yakuba indicate that kep1 might not be ancestrally required for male functions and that nsr possibly has experienced the neofunctionalization process, facilitated by changes of trans-regulatory repertories. These findings not only present a comprehensive picture about the evolution of a new duplicate gene but also show that recently originated duplicate genes can acquire multiple biological roles and establish novel functional pathways by regulating essential genes