The Challenges of Rural Poverty

In rural America today, more than one in seven residents lives in poverty. Poverty's causes are a complex interplay of individual characteristics and decisions, on the one hand, and the nature of the communities and economies in which people work and live, on the other. Leif Jensen, Diane McLaughlin, and Tim Slack, in their chapter in "Challenges for Rural America in the Twenty-First Century", show how poverty emerges in rural areas and offer suggestions about what can be done to bolster the incomes and well-being of rural residents.This issue brief is a joint product of the Rural Sociological Society and the National Coalition for Rural Entrepreneurship, a collaboration of four Regional Rural Development Centers: The Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, the Southern Rural Development Center, the North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, and the Western Rural Development Center. Funding was also made available from the Ford Foundation.This brief is part of a policy brief series by the Rural Sociological Society and the Regional Rural Development Centers that stresses the importance of community collective action and developing the capacity of people and organizations to meet the community's needsThe Rural Sociological Society and the Regional Rural Development Centers creates new Public Policy Issue Brief series based on its recent book, "Challenges for Rural America in the Twenty-First Century".The briefs synthesize the context and substance of important issues raised in the book and address alternative policy options, with the goal of bringing important research to the policy community

La naturaleza estratégica de la esponsorización deportiva

El artículo aborda el tema de la esponsorización. En concreto la esponsorización empresarial entendida como «la contribución en dinero o en especies de una empresa a una actividad (en nuestro caso un equipo, evento u organización deportivos) con la expectativa de alcanzar objetivos empresariales». El primer apartado trata de los estudios previos poniendo de manifiesto sus aportaciones y límites. A continuación, se detalla la metodología con que se ha abordado la investigación llevada a cabo. Los resultados se centran en los tres puntos siguientes: la relación de la esponsorización con la estrategia empresarial general, la decisión de esponsorizar y la esponsorización como éxito estratégico. En las conclusiones se reflexiona sobre la importancia de conocer las estrategias de esponsorización de las empresas para que los clubs puedan negociar en las mejores condiciones el apoyo financiero de las mismas

Poverty in the Texas borderland and lower Mississippi Delta: A comparative analysis of differences by family type

We provide a comparative analysis of county-level poverty in the two poorest regions of the United States - the Texas Borderland and the Lower Mississippi Delta - with a special focus on differences by family type. Our results reveal important regional variation in both the prevalence of poverty and the composition of the poor population across major family types. Using OLS regression models of family type-specific poverty we demonstrate three key findings: 1) There are no significant regional differences in poverty levels by family type between the Borderland and the Delta, net of important structural factors that characterize the regions; 2) with the exception of the employment rate, the structural factors associated with poverty among married couple and single female-headed families are quite different; and 3) paradoxically, areas in the Borderland with high in-migration are especially likely to suffer from high married-couple family poverty. Our results suggest the need for regionally targeted and demographically tailored anti-poverty policies.family structure, Mississippi Delta, persistent poverty, poverty, regional poverty, Texas Borderland

Prospectus, September 28, 1977

COMMUNITY COLLEGE GRADS SUCCESSFUL AT 4-YEAR SCHOOLS; Canteen must go by contract, lower prices; Parkland Events; New budget OK\u27d by Board: salaries and benefits are 70%; Activities Day; Kites, volleyball, music…: Students gather for fun; Women\u27s theatre group to perform; Dancer to appear; Cleveland Armory; Harry\u27s brother a hit: Johnson, Chapin charm loud Auditorium crowd; Health topics start Tuesday; IM football to start Tuesday at Centennial; Classifieds; Record no. entrants: Holland wins Freddy; X-Country team finishes sixth: Sugar Grove; Tennis meeting is tomorrow; Cobras place 14th in Lincoln Trail Golf Invitationalhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1977/1011/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, April 16, 1980

EARTH DAY SCHEDULED; Procrastination hurts registration; Colleges effects on community studied; Letters to the Editor: Questioner is back; Student poets submit for anthology book; Women sponsors women\u27s music; CPD offers reduced tickets for Six Flags; Tornado warnings/watch procedures listed for emergency use if needed; Diabetes workshop; Children\u27s toys are more computerized; Chapin gives views on World Hunger Year; Dates to live by; Four great nights for Jazz Festival; London Calling could be most important release; Classifieds; Sports in Review: Baseball, Basketball Playoffs, College Recruits, Golf, Olympics; It\u27s not too late to turn in census; Cobras win \u27em in the fourth inning; School records fall at EIU; Hitting improves: Cobras win 3; Jacksonville b-ballers to play for Cobras; Park District sponsors kids dog show Sat.https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1030/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, October 22, 1980

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS CELEBRATE TODAY; Letters to the Editors: Student has questions for Schumacher, Co-editor apologizes to runners, Student supports Schumacher\u27s view; PACT discusses day care; Food, beer, fun planned for Oktoberfest; Seniors to tour Parkland next week; Stories of America will be presented October 29-Nov 1; Two-hundred help celebrate: Parkland students celebrate International Students Day today; State rep. candidates express their views; PC drama department presents its fall production; PC offers Pharmacy Technician program; Fall means football... and football means Homecoming; Handle your $$ properly; Learn to take care of you car: enroll in PC\u27s car care course; Leardship is not shout, flout, and clout; Compunds from marine animals could cure cancer; U of I\u27s John Dickel will talk; Reaching Out ; Jeff Beck gives a hot, jazzy show; Marcel Marceau: the Master isn\u27t up to par; IM football winds down: teams available for volleyball, b-ball; Career center needs guides; X-country third in invitational; PC to offer EMT refresher; Arts showcase scheduled for next week; PC Datebook; Cobras can tie for championship; Freddy\u27s record looking better; Bench Warmer: Women\u27s b-ball team looking for balance; Fast Freddy Contesthttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1016/thumbnail.jp

Memetic: from meeting memory to virtual ethnography & distributed video analysis

The JISC-funded Memetic2 project was designed as knowledge management and project memory support for teams meeting via the Access Grid environment (Buckingham Shum et al, 2006). This paper describes how these capabilities also enable it to serve as a novel distributed video analysis tool to support interaction analysis. Memetic technologies can be used to record, annotate and discuss sessions recorded within a flexible, visual hypermedia environment called Compendium. We propose that beyond the use originally conceived, the Memetic toolset could find wide ranging applications within social science for virtual ethnography and data analysis

Prospectus, March 4, 1981

STAERKEL SPEAKS TO NEWS REPORTING CLASS: DECLINING ENROLLMENTS AFFECTING COLLEGES; Brown critical of court system.; Photo contest; Austin stimulates crowd; Letters to the Editor: Student responds to draft issue., Women disagree with Barnes, Student against draft, Ah-hah! Widloski makes mistake, But! Widloski believes she is right; Classifieds; Alender is ramblin: Appaloosa debuts first album; Merrick mesmerizes Assembly Hall Audience as the \u27Elephant Man\u27; Lems appears at Parkland March 10.; Ingrum, Baiot recieve scholarships from IHIA; WPCD Top 30; What are you doing for break?; Cobras rip Olney in Section; ROTC offers Financial Aid Program to students; Scoreboard; Parkland hosts NJCAA Region IV meet.; Cobras trounce Danville, advance to state; Quigley wins Fast Freddy contest; It\u27s do or die; Ingrum does it all for Cobras; Cobras upset by Lincoln Trail; Fast Freddy Contest; Games this weekhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1025/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, October 19, 1977

WPCD GOES ON AIR JANUARY \u2778: KELLY; Security stymies petrol pilferers; Propeck resigns as Stu-Go secretary; Thompson vetoes House community college bill; Canteen hit again; Parkland Events; \u27Who\u27s Who… candidates due; Letters to the editor: Some thoughts on a lost friend..., Head Start Follow Up Program needs tutors, ...\u27why headlined?\u27, On student directories - \u27not hired to correct\u27; Thompson seeks candidates for national awards; ACT Test Oct. 27; Phone line available for disabled; Blood drive is \u27successful\u27; Student Directory problem brought before Stu-Go; Have any suggestions?; CCWAR begins training; Danville DJ not quite ready for funny farm; Art group meets tonight; U.S. goes hosteling; Fear of dentists extracted by psych project; CHI, Women\u27s Program sponsor workshop Oct. 27; Don\u27t buy the book: How to save money through the mail; Tours this fall for U. of I.\u27s IMPE; Classifieds; Trout not pleased with women\u27s 8-5 record; K-Action continues winning ways in IM; Halloween activities on October 27; Art students are working for spring show; A review: Moliere adaptation Scapino was \u27zany\u27; Graphic Art competitions at U. of I.; Upsets cause trouble 10-for-12 Freddy; Indoor tracksters are balanced team; Fast Freddy Football Forecast; Danville drives for CIAC title, Parkland second?; Three run best ever at DuPage; Golfers 14th of 20 at Lincoln Landhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1977/1008/thumbnail.jp

Microbiota colonization tunes the antigen threshold of microbiota-specific T cell activation in the gut

Harnessing the potential of commensal bacteria for immunomodulatory therapy in the gut requires the identification of conditions that modulate immune activation towards incoming colonizing bacteria. In this study, we used the commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B.theta) and combined it with B.theta-specific transgenic T cells, in the context of defined colonization of gnotobiotic and immunodeficiency mouse models, to probe the factors modulating bacteria-specific T cell activation against newly colonizing bacteria. After colonizing germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (SPF) mice with B.theta, we only observed proliferation of B.theta-specific T cells in GF mice. Using simple gnotobiotic communities we could further demonstrate that T-cell activation against newly colonizing gut bacteria is restricted by previous bacteria colonization in GF mice. However, this restriction requires a functional adaptive immune system as Rag1$^{-/-}$ allowed B.theta-specific T cell proliferation even after previous colonization. Interestingly, this phenomenon seems to be dependent on the type of TCR-transgenic model used. B.theta-specific transgenic T cells also proliferated after gut colonization with an E.coli strain carrying the B.theta-specific epitope. However, this was not the case for the SM-1 transgenic T cells as they did not proliferate after similar gut colonization with an E.coli strain expressing the cognate epitope. In summary, we found that activation of T cells towards incoming bacteria in the gut is modulated by the influence of colonizing bacteria on the adaptive immune system of the host