THE STUDY OF CELLULAR FACTORS OF IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS

The purpose of this study was to study the basic cellular indicators of immunity in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas to substantiate the immunopathogenetic features of the course of the disease. It turned out to be important that patients were divided into 2 groups with virus carrier and without virus carrier.An analysis of the results allowed us to identify pronounced changes in the cellular immunity that manifested themselves by suppressing the expression of CD3 +, CD3 + CD4 +, IRI, against this background, an increase in the expression of CD3 + CD8 +, CD16 + and CD20 + B cells, as well as increased expression of activation molecular markers of CD38 + lymphocytes, CD95 +. Deep T-cell immunodeficiency was detected against the background of pathological activation of lymphocytes, which is clinically often reflected by frequent relapses, an unfavorable course of the disease, and treatment results.The purpose of this study was to study the basic cellular indicators of immunity in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas to substantiate the immunopathogenetic features of the course of the disease. It turned out to be important that patients were divided into 2 groups with virus carrier and without virus carrier.An analysis of the results allowed us to identify pronounced changes in the cellular immunity that manifested themselves by suppressing the expression of CD3 +, CD3 + CD4 +, IRI, against this background, an increase in the expression of CD3 + CD8 +, CD16 + and CD20 + B cells, as well as increased expression of activation molecular markers of CD38 + lymphocytes, CD95 +. Deep T-cell immunodeficiency was detected against the background of pathological activation of lymphocytes, which is clinically often reflected by frequent relapses, an unfavorable course of the disease, and treatment results

THE STUDY OF HUMORAL FACTORS OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMAS

It is known that humoral factors of immunity play an important function of mediators in the cascade development of the immune response and can determine the effectiveness of the final, effector reactions of cellular immunity in the inactivation and elimination of antigens. Serum concentrations of major immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM in NHL were analyzed. The highest serum content of IgG and IgA was revealed in the groups of patients with virus carrier. It has been established that one of the most important humoral markers of immunity is the circulating immune complexes (CIC). It has been established that one of the most important biological functions of immunoglobulins is antigen binding and the formation of CIC. A high level of CIC in NHL may be due not only to the activation of the immune response, but also to the suppression of the mechanisms of their elimination. Therefore, based on the results obtained, with NHL there is a pronounced imbalance of humoral immunity. CIC of large and small sizes are also increased, however, the highest increase in CIC was observed in groups of patients before chemotherapy with virus-bearing. An increase in the main immunoglobulins indicates the presence of humoral imbalance, and an increase in the CIC indicates the presence of intoxication of the body either due to the decay of the tumor cells themselves and infected cells, which almost always indicates the progression of the pathological process.It is known that humoral factors of immunity play an important function of mediators in the cascade development of the immune response and can determine the effectiveness of the final, effector reactions of cellular immunity in the inactivation and elimination of antigens. Serum concentrations of major immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM in NHL were analyzed. The highest serum content of IgG and IgA was revealed in the groups of patients with virus carrier. It has been established that one of the most important humoral markers of immunity is the circulating immune complexes (CIC). It has been established that one of the most important biological functions of immunoglobulins is antigen binding and the formation of CIC. A high level of CIC in NHL may be due not only to the activation of the immune response, but also to the suppression of the mechanisms of their elimination. Therefore, based on the results obtained, with NHL there is a pronounced imbalance of humoral immunity. CIC of large and small sizes are also increased, however, the highest increase in CIC was observed in groups of patients before chemotherapy with virus-bearing. An increase in the main immunoglobulins indicates the presence of humoral imbalance, and an increase in the CIC indicates the presence of intoxication of the body either due to the decay of the tumor cells themselves and infected cells, which almost always indicates the progression of the pathological process

Заболеваемость колоректальным раком в Узбекистане

Background. Epidemiological surveillance is crucial for the development and implementation of anticancer programs. According to GLOBOCAN 2019 data, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly and fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide.Materials and methods. We used the state reporting form No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan “Information on malignant diseases”, as well as data on the average annual population from the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.Results. CRC is the fifth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of mortality in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The CRC incidence among men and women is 5.3 and 4.3 per 100 000 population, respectively. A total of 5.2 % of all registered cancer cases were CRC cases. The proportion of patients with advanced disease decreased from 21.3 % to 16.5 % over the last 5 years. CRC is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality with an incidence of 2.9 per 100 000 population.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that CRC is one of the most common and deadly malignancies in Uzbekistan and its incidence and mortality are constantly growing. Given the high proportion of patients diagnosed at late stages, early diagnosis of CRC is highly relevant.Введение. Статистическая информация является основой для разработки и мониторинга результатов противораковых мероприятий. По данным GLOBOCAN за 2019 г., колоректальный рак (КРР) является 3‑м по смертности и 4‑м по количеству диагностированных новых случаев в мире.Материалы и методы. В работе использовались государственная отчетная форма № 7 Министерства здравоохранения Республики Узбекистан «Сведения о заболеваниях злокачественными новообразованиями», а также данные о среднегодовой численности населения от Государственного комитета статистики Республики Узбекистан.Результаты. В структуре заболеваемости и смертности в Республике Узбекистан КРР занимает 5‑е и 4‑е место соответственно. Стоит отметить, что показатель заболеваемости у мужчин составляет 5,3, а у женщин – 4,3 на 100 тыс. населения. Среди всех онкологических больных, состоящих на диспансерном учете, 5,2 % больных были с диагнозом КРР. Доля больных с запущенной стадией за последние 5 лет снизилась с 21,3 до 16,5 %. В общей структуре онкологической смертности КРР занимает 4‑е место с показателем 2,9 на 100 тыс. населения.Выводы. Анализ статистической информации показал, что КРР является одной из ведущих патологий в структуре онкологической заболеваемости и смертности в Узбекистане. Отмечается неуклонный рост заболеваемости и смертности от КРР. С учетом запущенности стадии при первичном выявлении опухоли вопросы диагностики КРР на ранних стадиях остаются актуальными

Impact of pyrazinamide resistance on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan.

SETTING: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the inclusion of pyrazinamide (PZA) in treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) unless resistance has been confirmed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between PZA susceptibility and MDR-TB treatment outcome among patients treated with a PZA-containing regimen and whether the duration of the intensive phase of the PZA-containing regimen affected treatment outcome. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all eligible MDR-TB patients starting treatment in 2003-2013 in the TB programme in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. PZA drug susceptibility testing (DST) using liquid culture was performed, and outcomes were classified according to the WHO 2013 definitions. RESULTS: Of 2446 MDR-TB patients included, 832 (34.0%) had an available baseline PZA DST result, 612 (73.6%) of whom were PZA-resistant. We found no association between treatment success and PZA susceptibility (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.86, 95%CI 0.51-1.44, P = 0.6) in patients treated with PZA. Furthermore, among patients with no baseline PZA DST result, no evidence was seen of an association between treatment success and PZA treatment duration (aOR 0.86, 95%CI 0.49-1.51, P = 0.6). CONCLUSION: Treatment of MDR-TB with a standard PZA regimen does not appear to improve treatment outcomes, regardless of PZA susceptibility or duration of treatment

Reconstructive plastic surgery for bladder cancer metastasis into urethra (case report)

Due to few observations, a standard treatment scheme for metastatic cancer into urethra has not been developed yet. However it has become evident, that combined approach using neoadjuvant radiation or chemoradiotherapy together with surgical tumor removal, taking into account its location, size, local prevalence and metastases to regional lymph nodes, is much more effective. The article describes a clinical case of a secondary urethra metastatic lesion from bladder