Vidal Mayor. Traducción aragonesa de la obra "In excelsis Dei Thesauris" de Vidal de Canellas: vocabulario

En 1956 Gunnar Tilander publicó en Lund (Suecia), en tres volúmenes, la Traducción aragonesa de la obra «In excelsis Dei thesauris» de Vidal de Canellas. El Tomo I incluía la introducción, con un estudio lingüístico, y además insertaba la reproducción de las miniaturas, el II la transcripción del texto y el III incorporaba el vocabulario completo de la obra, que es el que se reproduce en este libro, en el que se incluyen, además, dos textos introductorios en los que se da noticia de los manuscritos en aragonés de la Compilatio minor de los Fueros de Aragón de 1247 que actualmente se conocen y se hace un análisis de los aspectos lingüísticos que pueden observarse en el Vocabulario de la traducción aragonesa de la Compilatio maior (conocida como Vidal Mayor) publicado por Tilander, como parte de la scripta navarroaragonesa del siglo xiii. Esta edición ha sido posible gracias a la generosidad de Tilanderska Stiftelsen, depositaria del legado de este profesor e investigador y a las fructíferas gestiones de Mats Lundah

Medias konstruerande av våldtäktsoffer - en diskursanalys

Sexual violence and rape are major social problems in today’s society, the inequality between men and women is maintained by this violence. Our purpose with this thesis was to investigate how female rape victims are portrayed and created by the media. We focused on two different rape cases. Our study was based on following questions: • How is the image of female rape victims constructed in the media? • Are the victims ascribed any guilt or responsibility, and if so, in what way? • What differences in the construction of the victims can be distinguished on the basis of the two cases? • How can the construction of the victims be understood from a feminist perspective? Our research material was based on news articles, as well as, debate articles chosen from four of the biggest newspapers in Sweden. We analyzed the material using terms from both Faircloughs’ critical discourse analysis and Laclau and Mouffes’ discourse theory. By using a social constructionist perspective, we recognized how important different words can be in creating different images of the victim. There was a significant difference between the news articles and the debate articles, in regards to what focus they put on the victim. In the news articles the actions of the women were in focus and we could discern that the women therefore were ascribed responsibility for the rape. The debate articles on the other hand focused on the perpetrators acts and the legal system. By recognizing this we could see two different discourses, a rape discourse and a feminist discourse

Suurvaltojen maavoimien operaatiotaito ja taktiikka 1990-luvulla

Johdannon mukaan " Sotilaallisissa doktriineissa voidaan erottaa omiksi alueikseen ylempi strateginen ja alempi operatiivinen taso. Strategiset doktriinit määrittävät ne periaatteet, joiden mukaisesti asevoimat organisoidaan, varustetaan ja suunnataan tehtäviinsä. Operatiiviset ja taktiset doktriinit ovat varsinaisia joukkojen taisteluoppeja." Artikkelissa "pyritään hahmottelemaan kahden suurvallan, Neuvostoliiton ja Yhdysvaltojen, maavoimien operatiivisen ja taktisen doktriinin kehitysnäkymiä tämänhetkisten tietojen valossa. Vaikka tietoja joukkojen organisaatioista jakäyttöperiaatteista on nykyaikana runsaasti käytettävissä, ei arviointi ole helppoa. Suurvaltasuhteissa sekä liittoutumien sisällä parhaillaan koettava murroskausi voi vaikuttaa myös sodankäyntioppeihin ennalta arvaamattomalla tavalla. Toisaaltatutkimus- ja kokeiluvaiheessa nyt olevat opit eivät välttämättä koskaan toteudu sellaisenaan. Neuvostoliiton asevoimista saatava alkuperäistieto on edelleen vähäistä, minkä vuoksi tässäkin kirjoituksessa painottuu läntinen suurvalta ja Neuvostoliiton maavoimia käsitellään pääasiassa länsimaisiin tietoihin perustuen. Tulevaisuuden operaatiotaito ja taktiikka on yhä enemmän sotatekniikan mahdollisuuksien hyväksikäyttöä. Sen vuoksi tässä tarkastelussa pyritään antamaan erityinen paino sotateknisille mahdollisuuksille operaatiotaidon toteuttajana sekä toisaalta uusien asejärjestelmien synnyttämille operatiivis-taktisille vaatimuksille."Ensimmäisessä luvussa tarkastellaan näiden kahden suurvallan taisteluoppien nykytilannetta ja kehitysnäkymiä sekä seuraavassa luvussa operaatiotaidon ja taktiikan kehitysnäkymiä piirroksin havainnollistettuna. Kolmannessa luvussa selvitetään taisteluoppien vaikutusta organisaatioiden kehitykseen. Johtopäätöksissä todetaan muun muassa, että " Uudet asejärjestelmät nostavat kuitenkin tulen tehoa oleellisesti, mikä aiheuttaa joukkojen nopean kulumisen taistelussa. Onkin todennäköistä, että taisteluiden kestoaika yhä lyhenee. Nyt käytettävissä olevat tiedot vahvistavat käsitystä mahdollisesta eurooppalaisesta sodasta "rajuna", mutta lyhytaikaisena."ISBN: 952-90106-8-

Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Three Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides, have been shown to have many adverse human health effects. These contaminants therefore may pose a risk to Alaska Natives that follow a traditional diet high in marine mammals and fish, in which POPs bioaccumulate.This study examined the levels of PCBs and three pesticides [p, p'-DDE, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)] in muscle tissue from nine fish species from several locations around the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. The highest median PCB level was found in rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata, 285 ppb, wet weight), while the lowest level was found in rock greenling (Hexagrammos lagocephalus, 104 ppb, wet weight). Lipid adjusted PCB values were also calculated and significant interspecies differences were found. Again, rock sole had the highest level (68,536 ppb, lipid weight). Concerning the PCB congener patterns, the more highly chlorinated congeners were most common as would be expected due to their greater persistence. Among the pesticides, p, p'-DDE generally dominated, and the highest level was found in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, 6.9 ppb, wet weight). The methodology developed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was used to calculate risk-based consumption limits for the analyzed fish species. For cancer health endpoints for PCBs, all species would trigger strict advisories of between two and six meals per year, depending upon species. For noncancer effects by PCBs, advisories of between seven and twenty-two meals per year were triggered. None of the pesticides triggered consumption limits.The fish analyzed, mainly from Adak, contain significant concentrations of POPs, in particular PCBs, which raises the question whether these fish are safe to eat, particularly for sensitive populations. However when assessing any risk of the traditional diet, one must also consider the many health and cultural benefits from eating fish

Integrated use of fertilizer micro-dosing and Acacia tumida mulching increases millet yield and water use efficiency in Sahelian semi-arid environment

Limited availability of soil organic amendments and unpredictable rainfall, decrease crop yields drastically in the Sahel. There is, therefore, a need to develop an improved technology for conserving soil moisture and enhancing crop yields in the Sahelian semi-arid environment. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the mulching effects of Acacia tumida pruning relative to commonly applied organic materials in Niger on millet growth, yields and water use efficiency (WUE) under fertilizer micro-dosing technology. We hypothesized that (1) A. tumida pruning is a suitable mulching alternative for crop residues in the biomass-scarce areas of Niger and (2) combined application of A. tumida mulch and fertilizer micro-dosing increases millet yield and water use efficiency. Two fertilizer micro-dosing options (20 kg DAP ha−1, 60 kg NPK ha−1) and three types of organic mulches (millet straw, A. tumida mulch, and manure) and the relevant control treatments were arranged in factorial experiment organized in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fertilizer micro-dosing increased millet grain yield on average by 28 %. This millet grain yield increased further by 37 % with combined application of fertilizer micro-dosing and organic mulch. Grain yield increases relative to the un-mulched control were 51 % for manure, 46 % for A. tumida mulch and 36 % for millet mulch. Leaf area index and root length density were also greater under mulched plots. Fertilizer micro-dosing increased WUE of millet on average by 24 %, while the addition of A. tumida pruning, manure and millet increased WUE on average 55, 49 and 25 %, respectively. We conclude that combined application of micro-dosing and organic mulch is an effective fertilization strategy to enhance millet yield and water use efficiency in low-input cropping systems and that A. tumida pruning could serve as an appropriate mulching alternative for further increasing crop yields and water use efficiency in the biomass-scarce and drought prone environment such as the Sahel. However, the economic and social implications and the long-term agronomic effects of this agroforestry tree in Sahelian millet based system have to be explored further

Biophysical interactions in tropical agroforestry systems

sequential systems, simultaneous systems Abstract. The rate and extent to which biophysical resources are captured and utilized by the components of an agroforestry system are determined by the nature and intensity of interac-tions between the components. The net effect of these interactions is often determined by the influence of the tree component on the other component(s) and/or on the overall system, and is expressed in terms of such quantifiable responses as soil fertility changes, microclimate modification, resource (water, nutrients, and light) availability and utilization, pest and disease incidence, and allelopathy. The paper reviews such manifestations of biophysical interactions in major simultaneous (e.g., hedgerow intercropping and trees on croplands) and sequential (e.g., planted tree fallows) agroforestry systems. In hedgerow intercropping (HI), the hedge/crop interactions are dominated by soil fertility improvement and competition for growth resources. Higher crop yields in HI than in sole cropping are noted mostly in inherently fertile soils in humid and subhumid tropics, and are caused by large fertility improvement relative to the effects of competition. But, yield increases are rare in semiarid tropics and infertile acid soils because fertility improvement does not offse