Ação dos meios reativos peróxido de hidrogênio e carvão ativado na remediação de solos contaminados por BTEX Action of the reactive means hydrogen peroxide and activated coal in remediation of contamined soils by btex

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial das barreiras reativas permeáveis (BRP) na redução dos hidrocarbonetos aromáticos BTEX (Benzeno, Tolueno, Etilbenzeno e Xilenos) no solo, provenientes de vazamento de gasolina. O experimento foi conduzido em escala laboratorial, simulando dois tipos de BRP, denominadas de AS (H2O2 + solo) e de ACA (H2O2 + carvão ativado). Foram determinadas as concentrações dos BTEX na amostra da gasolina ao entrar na BRP e no percolado, em tempos de retenção preestabelecidos de 24; 36; 48; 60; 72 e 84 h, utilizando cromatografia gasosa. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as duas barreiras reativas reduziram a concentração dos BTEX, próximo a níveis permissíveis de contaminação e de prevenção, e a barreira ACA apresentou os melhores resultados.<br>This research had as objective to evaluate the potential of permeable reactive barriers in the reduction of aromatical hydrocarbons BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes) in the ground, coming from gasoline leak. The experiment was carried out in a laboratorial scale, simulating two types of PRB called: AS (H2O2 + soil) and ACA (H2O2 + activated coal). The BTEX concentrations in the gasoline sample were assessed when entering in PRB and in the percolate in pre-established retention times of 24; 36; 48; 60; 72 and 84h, using gas chromatography. The obtained results showed that the two reactive barriers reduced the BTEX concentration, close at permissible levels of contamination and prevention, and the ACA barrier presented better results

The Real Daily Need for Incontinence Aids and Appliances in Patients with Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction in a Community Setting in Germany

PURPOSE: For successful long-term rehabilitation of patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), it is necessary to define the objective requirement for urological aids based on a scientifically validated basis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study, based on a questionnaire. Data concerning bladder management and daily consumption of urological appliances for patients with NLUTD in a community setting were collected through a standardized survey. RESULTS: Seven hundred and sixty-seven records were analyzed: 543 males, 221 females (N/A = 3). Patients using intermittent catheterization (n= 608) required 5.06 (mean) single-use catheters per day. Out of them, 94 (15.5%) required additional pads (mean: 2.29 per day), 34 patients (5.6%) additionally used pants (mean: 2.55 per day) and 46 patients (7.6%) utilized condom catheters (mean: 3.81 per day) between catheterizations. Among all, 126 patients (16.4%) used pads (mean: 5.03 per day), and 51 patients (6.6%) used pants (mean: 3.03 per day). Women needed both pads (p &lt; 0.0001) and diapers (p = 0.0084) significantly more frequently than men. Eighty-two of the male patients (15.1%) applied condom catheters (mean: 2.8 per day). The target value of the objective daily requirement of incontinence aids for adult patients with NLUTD (based on the upper twofold standard deviation from the mean value) was defined as follows: up to nine single-use catheters, seven condom catheters, nine pads and/or seven pants. A “mixed supply” of different incontinence aids is part of the daily supply for many patients. CONCLUSION: For the first time, these results allow a reasonable regulation of urological aids and appliances based on scientific data for patients with neurogenic bladder