Caracterização das formas imaturas e determinação das exigencias termicas de duas especies de califorideos (Diptera) de importancia forense

Orientador: Aricio Xavier LinharesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: A correta identificação e avaliação da idade de insetos envolvidos com a decomposição de cadáveres é de suma importância para a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM) na área das ciências forenses, particularmente quando o IPM é baseado em informações sobre o ciclo de vida de insetos necrófagos. Entretanto, a análise destes parâmetros em insetos, especialmente quando se encontram em seus estágios imaturos, é difícil mesmo para taxonomistas bem treinados. Além das minúsculas diferenças morfológicas que há entre várias espécies, algumas variáveis tais como temperatura e substâncias tóxicas podem afetar o seu tempo de desenvolvimento gerando um erro no cálculo do IPM. Entre os insetos envolvidos neste processo, as larvas de dípteros da família Calliphoridae são freqüentemente as mais predominantes consumidoras de carcaça e estão presentes em todos os estágios de decomposição. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente e avaliar o tempo de desenvolvimento e as exigências térmicas das formas imaturas de duas espécies de dípteros em diferentes temperaturas: Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) e Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani) (Calliphoridae). Todos os experimentos foram realizados em câmaras climáticas com temperaturas controladas em 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC, com fotoperíodo de 12 horas e umidade relativa de 70%. Dieta artificial própria para larvas foi oferecida para que estas completassem seu desenvolvimento. Neste estudo, além da descrição e caracterização morfológica tradicional, também foram utilizadas as técnicas da reação em cadeia da polimerase, associada ao polimorfismo baseado no comprimento do fragmento de restrição (PCR-RFLP), para a identificação das duas espéciesAbstract: The correct identification and age determination of insect species involved in cadaver decomposition is of particular importance in estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) in forensic sciences, particularly since the PMI is based on information on the life cycle of necrophagous insects. However, the correct identification of several insects species, especially in their immature stages, is difficult even for experienced taxonomists. In addition to the minuscule morphological differences between several species, there are some variables such as temperature and toxic substances that may affect the developmental time of insects, generating errors in the estimate of the PMI. Among the insects that are involved in cadaver decomposition, maggots of blowflies (Calliphoridae) are often the most important consumers of carrion and are present in all stages of decomposition. Thus, this study aimed to characterize morphologically and to evaluate the developmental time and the thermal requirements of the immature stages of two species of blowflies reared in different temperatures: Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) e Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani) (Calliphoridae). All experiments were done in growth chambers with temperatures set at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC, photophase of 12 hours and relative humidity at 70%. The maggots were reared using an artificial diet for their complete development. In addition to traditional morphological description and characterization of the immatures, the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to identify the two species mentioned above was also assessed in this studyDoutoradoParasitologiaDoutor em Parasitologi

Schistosomiasis in southern brazil 17 years after the confirmation of the first autochthonous case

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Introduction: Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is an important public health issue in Brazil, particularly Northern Brazil. Since the first recorded occurrence of Biomphalaria glabrata in the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, it has spread to South Brazil. Methods: Using the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), we assessed the disease spread in Southern Brazil. Results: In Rio Grande do Sul, nine localities had confirmed cases (n = 95, 2001-2013). Conclusions: We confirmed disease expansion to Southern Brazil. We demonstrated the effectiveness of SINAN to monitor notifiable diseases. Our results are useful to develop preventive actions for schistosomiasis control.Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is an important public health issue in Brazil, particularly Northern Brazil. Since the first recorded occurrence of Biomphalaria glabrata in the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, it has spread to South B483354357CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)SEM INFORMAÇÃOWe would like to thank Mr. Peter Socha for assisting with the discussion and the English versio

[the Role Of Insects (blattodea, Diptera, And Hymenoptera) As Possible Mechanical Vectors Of Helminths In The Domiciliary And Peridomiciliary Environment].

Helminths can be transmitted to human beings in several ways, but little attention has been given to vector or mechanical transmission of infective forms by insects. The present study surveys the helminth species present in three orders of insects that coexist in proximity with the human environment. A total of 700 insects (54 Blattodea, 275 Diptera, and 371 Hymenoptera) were collected and examined externally and individually. In the Blattodea order, only specimens of Periplaneta americana were collected, and 58.3% were carrying the following helminth forms: Oxyuridae eggs (36.4%), Ascaridae eggs (28.04%), Nematoda larvae (4.8%), Cestoda eggs (3.5%), other Nematoda (0.08%), and Toxocaridae eggs (0.08%). No Diptera and Hymenoptera were found to contain parasitic forms. This study evaluates the importance and role of insects as mechanical vectors of helminth parasites, correlated with social and environmental conditions, and suggests the use of these data for preventive purposes.201096-10

Imprensa sobre cinema em Portugal: das origens à atualidade

Considerado um subgénero do Jornalismo Cultural, o Jornalismo de Cinema apresenta-se-nos como um objecto de estudo ainda por explorar nas ciências sociais e da comunicação, nomeadamente em Portugal onde a investigação sobre esta prática é quase inexistente. Uma vez que o cinema é uma das manifestações culturais e artísticas com maior presença actual nos media portugueses (de acordo com dados do projecto A Cultura na Primeira Página [Baptista, 2014; 2017a]), importa aprofundar a investigação sobre esta prática jornalística. Neste sentido, parece-nos fundamental percorrer os principais títulos da imprensa portuguesa sobre cinema que têm acompanhado o cinema nacional e internacional e que foram cruciais para a construção de uma cultura cinematográfica dos portugueses. Em Portugal, a primeira publicação dedicada em exclusivo ao cinema surge na década de 1910 e é a partir da segunda metade do séc. XX que se começa a constatar "uma aceleração do gosto cinematográfico" (Barroso, 2008:26) e a consolidação das publicações sobre cinema em Portugal. Nesta comunicação, através de uma revisão de literatura e análise documental, traçamos a evolução da imprensa portuguesa sobre cinema e analisamos as características dos principais títulos desde as origens do cinema até 2014 (ano em que deixou de circular uma publicação especializada em cinema).N/

Decomposição e sucessão entomologica em carcaças de suinos (Sus scrofa L.) de tamanhos diferentes : estudos em ambiente de mata natural na região de Campinas - SP

Orientador: Aricio Xavier LinharesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Esta pesquisa tratou de estudar o efeito do tamanho da carcaça na abundância das espécies e nos processos de decomposição e sucessão em ambiente de mata natural e clima tropical. Os experimentos foram realizados na Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra (Campinas - SP) em duas estações distintas: na seca e fria e na quente e úmida. Para tanto, foram utilizados como iscas suínos (Sus scrofa L.) inteiros de aproximadamente 01 e 10 Kg. Estes foram expostos em armadilhas adequadas para coletas de insetos imaturos e adultos. Foram coletados 5.281 espécimes adultos, dentre eles 4.060 da ordem Diptera e 699 da ordem Coleoptera, consideradas as mais importantes para fins forenses por constituírem fauna constante e obrigatória de carcaça e por utilizarem esse substrato como sítio de procriação. Independente do tamanho, observou-se que a decomposição foi realizada predominantemente pelos insetos (99,89%). O tempo de decomposição e a duração de cada estágio de decomposição foram afetados pelo tamanho da carcaça e pela estação. A composição de espécies foi similar entre os dois tamanhos, e diferenças quanto ao padrão de sucessão não foram observadasAbstract: This work objectived to study the effect of carcass size on species abundance and on decomposition and succession processes in carcasses exposed under natural conditions. The experiments were conducted at the Santa Genebra's Forestal Reserve (Campinas - SP) in two differents seasons: winter (dry and cool) and summer (warm and humid). Pigs (Sus scrofa L.) with 1 and 10 Kg approximately were used as baits. They were exposed in cages adapted for collection of immature and adult insects. A total of 4060 adult specimens of Diptera and 699 adult specimens of Coleoptera were collected (considered the most important to Forensic Entomology): they were the main decomposing agents of the carcass and used this substratum as breeding medium. Independently of the size, it was observed that the decomposition was accomplished predominantly by the insects (99,89%). The decomposition time and the duration of each decomposition estage were affected by carcass size and by period. The insect species composition was similar in both carcasses, and differences in the successional pattern was not observed.MestradoMestre em Parasitologi

Evaluation Of Larval Density Cochliomyia Macellaria F. (diptera: Calliphoridae) For Therapeutic Use In The Recovery Of Tegumentar Injuries.

Larval therapy (LT) is the application of carrion flies (Diptera) sterile larvae on chronic or infected wounds to promote or accelerate the healing process. High cost and the development of resistance by certain groups of pathogenic bacteria to these drugs encouraged the resurgence of LT, currently used in approximately 20 countries and more recently in Brazil. This study evaluated the behavior and larval density of Cochliomyia macellaria F. (Calliphoridae), one of the most appropriate species for debridement of injuries with necrotic tissue. Tegumentar lesions were induced in Wistar rats by subcutaneously application of 0.2 ml of a 1:4 hydrochloric acid and sterile distilled water in the dorsal region. Five experimental groups were set up: (LT 5) treatment with 5 larvae/cm(2); (LT 15) 15 larvae/cm(2); (LT 25) 25 larvae/cm(2); (DEB) mechanical debridement, and (NUL) animals that did not receive any treatment. In the LT groups, larvae used were sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and maintained for 12 h in the lesions. The healing process was assessed qualitatively (macroscopically and microscopically) and quantitatively (time interval to complete healing). It was observed that the immature fed only on necrotic tissue, thus C. macellaria is an excellent candidate for use in LT. There was no significant difference in healing time between experimental groups. However, it was observed that in LT 25, there was greater vascularization in tissues when compared to the other treatments. The mechanisms involved in this process are unknown, but it is evident that the larvae have an important role in modulating the host immune response. It is essential that future applications of larval therapy consider using a higher density of larvae (minimum of 25 larvae/cm(2)) than is currently recommended.1143255-326

The effect of temperature on development of Sarconesia chlorogaster, a blowfly of forensic importance

The blowfly Sarconesia chlorogaster (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is of limited forensic use in South America, due to the poorly known relationship between development time and temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine development time of S. chlorogaster at different constant temperatures, thereby enabling the forensic use of this fly. Development time of this species was examined by observing larval development at six temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C). The thermal constant (K), the minimum development threshold (t 0), and development rate were calculated using linear regressions of the development time interval at five temperatures (10-30 °C). Development interval from egg to adult varied from 14.2 to 95.2 days, depending on temperature. The t0 calculated for total immature development is 6.33 °C and the overall thermal constant is 355.51 degree-days (DD). Temperature affected the viability of pupae, at 35 °C 100 % mortality was observed. Understanding development rate across these temperatures now makes development of S. chlorogaster a forensically useful tool for estimating postmortem interval.The blowfly Sarconesia chlorogaster (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is of limited forensic use in South America, due to the poorly known relationship between development time and temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine development time of S. chlo11538543CNQP - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR312357/2006307947/2009-2SEM INFORMAÇÃOWe thank Claudio J. Von Zuben, Marcio R. Pie, Rodrigo F. Kruger, David R. Luz, and Kevin A. Williams who provided helpful comments on a previous version of the paper. This research was partially supported by grants from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolv