A Study of Eastern Culture from the Philosophical Perspective

In the world philosophies the Eastern has investigated everything in their aesthetic component on the other hand the Western has investigated these things in their theoretic component. The main objective of this paper is intended to study on Eastern culture from the philosophical Perspective. Most of the Easterners emphasized on man than on his natural world and one of the characteristics of Eastern culture is fundamentally religious in character. The research problem of this paper is “why the Easterners’ ways of thinking seems to emphasize on the human concern in aesthetic component?” The solution of this paper is that Easterner’s ways of thinking generally based on emotional sense than rational sense. Hence they place emphasis on knowledge by intuition and on contemplation of everything in their aesthetic immediacy. This research paper will contribute to promote understanding that people can put into practice reconciliation of the philosophical perspective of the East and the West in order to achieve a comprehensive integration. As a consequence we enable to establish mutual understanding and good communication among different cultures

Chemical and Functional Characterizations of Chickpea Protein Concentrate

Many protein concentrates have been developed for providing different functional or physical properties to meet the requirement of various food systems. The main purpose of this research work was to evaluate the most refined form of protein from chickpea and to combat the problem of malnutrition. In this research work, chickpea (Cicer arientum L.) was collected from Monywa Township, Sagaing  Region and nutritional values of chickpea flour like moisture content, ash content, protein content, crude fiber content, fat content, carbohydrate content and energy value were determined. The fat from chickpea flour was removed by soaking in ethanol and also by soxhlet extraction using ethanol as solvent before isolating the protein. The fat removal efficiency of these two methods were investigated. Moreover, combined effect of these two methods on the removal percentage of fat from chickpea was studied. 46.15±0.04% protein content (defatted chickpea) was obtained by soaking in ethanol solution for 20 hr and followed by soxhlet extraction (meal to solvent ratio were1:6).

An ultrasensitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect asymptomatic low-density Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in small volume blood samples.

BackgroundHighly sensitive, scalable diagnostic methods are needed to guide malaria elimination interventions. While traditional microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are suitable for the diagnosis of symptomatic malaria infection, more sensitive tests are needed to screen for low-density, asymptomatic infections that are targeted by interventions aiming to eliminate the entire reservoir of malaria infection in humans.MethodsA reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) was developed for multiplexed detection of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and ribosomal RNA of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Simulated field samples stored for 14 days with sample preservation buffer were used to assess the analytical sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, 1750 field samples from Southeastern Myanmar were tested both by RDT and ultrasensitive RT-PCR.ResultsLimits of detection (LoD) were determined under simulated field conditions. When 0.3 mL blood samples were stored for 14 days at 28 °C and 80% humidity, the LoD was less than 16 parasites/mL for P. falciparum and 19.7 copies/µL for P. vivax (using a plasmid surrogate), about 10,000-fold lower than RDTs. Of the 1739 samples successfully evaluated by both ultrasensitive RT-PCR and RDT, only two were RDT positive while 24 were positive for P. falciparum, 108 were positive for P. vivax, and 127 were positive for either P. vivax and/or P. falciparum using ultrasensitive RT-PCR.ConclusionsThis ultrasensitive RT-PCR method is a robust, field-tested screening method that is vastly more sensitive than RDTs. Further optimization may result in a truly scalable tool suitable for widespread surveillance of low-level asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax parasitaemia

Prevalence and seroprevalence of Plasmodium infection in Myanmar reveals highly heterogeneous transmission and a large hidden reservoir of infection.

Malaria incidence in Myanmar has significantly reduced over recent years, however, completeness and timeliness of incidence data remain a challenge. The first ever nationwide malaria infection and seroprevalence survey was conducted in Myanmar in 2015 to better understand malaria epidemiology and highlight gaps in Annual Parasite Index (API) data. The survey was a cross-sectional two-stage stratified cluster-randomised household survey conducted from July-October 2015. Blood samples were collected from household members for ultra-sensitive PCR and serology testing for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Data was gathered on demography and a priori risk factors of participants. Data was analysed nationally and within each of four domains defined by API data. Prevalence and seroprevalence of malaria were 0.74% and 16.01% nationwide, respectively. Prevalent infection was primarily asymptomatic P. vivax, while P. falciparum was predominant in serology. There was large heterogeneity between villages and by domain. At the township level, API showed moderate correlation with P. falciparum seroprevalence. Risk factors for infection included socioeconomic status, domain, and household ownership of nets. Three K13 P. falciparum mutants were found in highly prevalent villages. There results highlight high heterogeneity of both P. falciparum and P. vivax transmission between villages, accentuated by a large hidden reservoir of asymptomatic P. vivax infection not captured by incidence data, and representing challenges for malaria elimination. Village-level surveillance and stratification to guide interventions to suit local context and targeting of transmission foci with evidence of drug resistance would aid elimination efforts

Production of Biologically Active Compounds from Endophytic Strains Isolated from Different Plant Species

In screening of the bioactive compounds from microbial source, seven endophytic fungal strains were isolated from different plan species in this research. These fungal strains YT1 to YT7 indicated antimicrobial activity by paper disc diffusion assay. For extraction and isolation of the bioactive compounds, the methanol extracts of the most active strains were eluted on silica gel, flash silica gel, Sephadex LH20 gel columns with various solvent systems. The isolated compounds were identified and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The two compounds: Butyrolactone I and Aspulvinone O from strain YTI and Terreusinone from strain YT3 were isolated from six liter fermentation of each strain. All isolated compounds indicated antimicrobial activity on eight test organisms in 5 μg of 1.0mg/mL invitro

Implementation of Object Oriented Metric(CK-Metric) Tool for Java Program

Software Metrics provides a way tomeasure the properties of a software system.Design Metrics are measurements of the staticstate of the project’s design and also used forassessing the size and in some cases the qualityand complexity of software. Assessing the ObjectOriented Design (OOD) metrics is to predictpotentially fault-prone classes and components inadvance as quality indicators. To perform theassessment accurately, a sequential life cyclemodel and a well-known CK(Chidamber andKemerer) Metric method for java programminglanguage is used.Design metrics helps to identifypotential problems in the early stages of thedevelopment process. This paper presents thedesign and implementation of quality metrics toolto determine the various design metrics and thequality attributes of Object Oriented programwritten in Java programming language

Intensifying responsiveness towards neglected intestinal helminth infections in a resource-constrained setting

Abstract Neglected intestinal helminth infections afflict the marginalized communities in Asia. Since 2004, growing body of evidence in Myanmar indicated high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections (30–40%) among school children. Co-existence of STH (23%) with food-borne trematodes was noted among 383 pregnant women in a selected township in 2012–2014 followed by molecular verification of very low prevalence of schistosome infection (<5%) in the same study site in 2016. The success of transmission elimination plans may depend upon sensitive diagnostic tools to detect persistent infections and polyparasitism. Addressing the research gaps in vulnerable sites requires an increased investment in resource-constrained settings

Physico-chemical Properties of Extracted Mung Bean Protein Concentrate

Many protein concentrates have been developed for providing different functional or physical properties to meet the requirement of various food systems. The main purpose of this research work was to evaluate the most refined form of protein from mung bean and to combat the problem of malnutrition. In this research work, mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) was collected from Monywa Township, Sagaing Region and nutritional values of mung bean flour like moisture content, ash content, protein content, crude fiber content, fat content and carbohydrate content were determined. The fat from mung bean flour was removed by soaking in ethanol and also by soxhlet extraction using ethanol as solvent before isolating the protein. The fat removal efficiency of these two methods was investigated. Moreover, combined effect of these two methods on the removal percentage of fat from mung bean was studied. 51.37±0.03% protein content (defatted mung bean) was obtained by soaking in ethanol solution for 16 hr and followed by soxhlet extraction (meal to solvent ratio were1:5). The morphological nature and elemental compositions of the mung bean protein concentrate were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrophotometer respectively