338 research outputs found
Feedback: The Foundation of Kind Leadership
Brene Brown states that “Clear is kind. Unclear is unkind.” To give clear and direct feedback requires brave academic leaders who understand that feedback is critical to leadership success. This presentation will use a feedback model – Johari’s Window (Luft & Ingham, 1955), as a backdrop for understanding how to give productive feedback in higher education
A Study of the Status and Leadership of Girls\u27 Athletics and the Attitudes of Teachers of Girls\u27 Physical Education toward Girls\u27 Athletics in the State of Idaho
In 1969 a questionnaire was sent to all Idaho high schools concerning girls’ athletic programs and the attitudes of girls’ physical education teachers toward athletics. Eighty-seven percent of the questionnaires were returned, an indication of high interest in the subject area. Results showed moderate participation in most team sports and low participation in most individual sports. Teachers demonstrated favorable attitudes toward girls’ interscholastic athletics and indicated a need for enlarged programs. Money, facilities, and qualified coaches and officials were viewed as major concerns of girls’ programs
The effect of interior heat flux on the atmospheric circulation of hot and ultra-hot Jupiters
Many hot and ultra-hot Jupiters have inflated radii, implying that their
interiors retain significant entropy from formation. These hot interiors lead
to an enhanced internal heat flux that impinges upon the atmosphere from below.
In this work, we study the effect of this hot interior on the atmospheric
circulation and thermal structure of hot and ultra-hot Jupiters. To do so, we
incorporate the population-level predictions from evolutionary models of hot
and ultra-hot Jupiters as input for a suite of General Circulation Models
(GCMs) of their atmospheric circulation with varying semi-major axis and
surface gravity. We conduct simulations with and without a hot interior, and
find that there are significant local differences in temperature of up to
hundreds of Kelvin and in wind speeds of hundreds of m s or more across
the observable atmosphere. These differences persist throughout the parameter
regime studied, and are dependent on surface gravity through the impact on
photosphere pressure. These results imply that the internal evolution and
atmospheric thermal structure and dynamics of hot and ultra-hot Jupiters are
coupled. As a result, a joint approach including both evolutionary models and
GCMs may be required to make robust predictions for the atmospheric circulation
of hot and ultra-hot Jupiters.Comment: Accepted at ApJL, 17 pages, 8 figure
Evidence for disequilibrium chemistry from vertical mixing in hot Jupiter atmospheres:A comprehensive survey of transiting close-in gas giant exoplanets with warm-<i>Spitzer</i>/IRAC
Exclusive Measurements of pp -> dpi+pi0: Double-Pionic Fusion without ABC Effect
Exclusive measurements of the reaction pp -> dpi+pi0 have been carried out at
T_p = 1.1 GeV at the CELSIUS storage ring using the WASA detector. The
isovector pi+pi0 channel exhibits no enhancement at low invariant pipi masses,
i. e. no ABC effect. The differential distributions are in agreement with the
conventional t-channel Delta-Delta excitation process, which also accounts for
the observed energy dependence of the total cross section. This is an update of
a previously published version -- see important note at the end of the article
Evidence for disequilibrium chemistry from vertical mixing in hot Jupiter atmospheres. A comprehensive survey of transiting close-in gas giant exoplanets with warm-Spitzer/IRAC
[Abridged] Aims. We present a large atmospheric study of 49 gas giant
exoplanets using infrared transmission photometry with Spitzer/IRAC at 3.6 and
4.5um. Methods. We uniformly analyze 70 photometric light curves of 33
transiting planets using our custom pipeline, which implements pixel level
decorrelation. We use this survey to understand how infrared photometry traces
changes in atmospheric chemical properties as a function of planetary
temperature. We compare our measurements to a grid of 1D radiative-convective
equilibrium forward atmospheric models which include disequilibrium chemistry.
We explore various strengths of vertical mixing (Kzz = 0 - 10^12 cm2/s) as well
as two chemical compositions (1x and 30x solar). Results. We find that, on
average, Spitzer probes a difference of 0.5 atmospheric scale heights between
3.6 and 4.5um, which is measured at 7.5sigma level of significance. We find
that the coolest planets show a lack of methane compared to expectations, which
has also been reported by previous studies of individual objects. We show that
the sample of coolest planets rule out 1x solar composition with >3sigma
confidence while supporting low vertical mixing (Kzz = 10^8 cm2/s). On the
other hand, we find that the hot planets are best explained by models with 1x
solar metallicity and high vertical mixing (Kzz = 10^12 cm2/s). We interpret
this as the lofting of CH4 to the upper atmospheric layers. Changing the
interior temperature changes the expectation for equilibrium chemistry in deep
layers, hence the expectation of disequilibrium chemistry higher up. We also
find a significant scatter in the transmission signatures of the mid-temperate
and ultra-hot planets, likely due to increased atmospheric diversity, without
the need to invoke higher metallicities. Additionally, we compare Spitzer
transmission with emission for the same planets and find no evidence for
correlation.Comment: 43 pages, 17 Figures. Accepted on 9 Feb 2021 in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
A strong H<sup>-</sup>opacity signal in the near-infrared emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b
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