2,411 research outputs found
Defining the Force between Separated Sources on a Light Front
The Newtonian character of gauge theories on a light front requires that the
longitudinal momentum P^+, which plays the role of Newtonian mass, be
conserved. This requirement conflicts with the standard definition of the force
between two sources in terms of the minimal energy of quantum gauge fields in
the presence of a quark and anti-quark pinned to points separated by a distance
R. We propose that, on a light front, the force be defined by minimizing the
energy of gauge fields in the presence of a quark and an anti-quark pinned to
lines (1-branes) oriented in the longitudinal direction singled out by the
light front and separated by a transverse distance R. Such sources will have a
limited 1+1 dimensional dynamics. We study this proposal for weak coupling
gauge theories by showing how it leads to the Coulomb force law. For QCD we
also show how asymptotic freedom emerges by evaluating the S-matrix through one
loop for the scattering of a particle in the N_c representation of color
SU(N_c) on a 1-brane by a particle in the \bar N_c representation of color on a
parallel 1-brane separated from the first by a distance R<<1/Lambda_{QCD}.
Potential applications to the problem of confinement on a light front are
discussed.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, 12 figures; minor typos corrected; numerical
correction in equation 3.
Kiwi talent flow : a study of chartered accountants and business professionals overseas
New Zealanders have always had a propensity to travel overseas. The globalisation of the
world has seen an increase in the number of people who, having completed their education and
gained some work experience, set off on their overseas experience. Concern has been
expressed as to the potential “brain drain” that would result should these well-educated and
talented citizens remain overseas permanently. This research considers the propensity to
return of over 1,500 expatriate Kiwis working in the areas of accounting and finance. It
examines their demographics, attitudes, values, motivations, factors of attraction to, and
repulsion from, New Zealand and their concerns for change in New Zealand. It therefore
provides insights into the nature and purpose of this significant group of professionals resident
mainly in the United Kingdom and Australia. We find that less than half are likely to return to
New Zealand. This is because of the lack of career and business opportunities despite the
“pull” of family and relations in New Zealand
String Bit Models for Superstring
We extend the model of string as a polymer of string bits to the case of
superstring. We mainly concentrate on type II-B superstring, with some
discussion of the obstacles presented by not II-B superstring, together with
possible strategies for surmounting them. As with previous work on bosonic
string we work within the light-cone gauge. The bit model possesses a good deal
less symmetry than the continuous string theory. For one thing, the bit model
is formulated as a Galilei invariant theory in dimensional
space-time. This means that Poincar\'e invariance is reduced to the Galilei
subgroup in space dimensions. Naturally the supersymmetry present in the
bit model is likewise dramatically reduced. Continuous string can arise in the
bit models with the formation of infinitely long polymers of string bits. Under
the right circumstances (at the critical dimension) these polymers can behave
as string moving in dimensional space-time enjoying the full
Poincar\'e supersymmetric dynamics of type II-B superstring.Comment: 43 pages, phyzzx require
-Dimensional Large QCD coupled to Adjoint Fermions
We consider 1+1-dimensional QCD coupled to Majorana fermions in the adjoint
representation of the gauge group . Pair creation of partons (fermion
quanta) is not suppressed in the large- limit, where the glueball-like bound
states become free. In this limit the spectrum is given by a linear \lc\ Schr\"
odinger equation, which we study numerically using the discretized \lcq. We
find a discrete spectrum of bound states, with the logarithm of the level
density growing approximately linearly with the mass. The wave function of a
typical excited state is a complicated mixture of components with different
parton numbers. A few low-lying states, however, are surprisingly close to
being eigenstates of the parton number, and their masses can be accurately
calculated by truncated diagonalizations.Comment: 22 pages + 9 figures (available by request from
[email protected]), uses phyzzx.tex + tables.tex PUPT-1413,
IASSNS-HEP-93/4
Qualitative research within trials: developing a standard operating procedure for a clinical trials unit
<p>BACKGROUND: Qualitative research methods are increasingly used within clinical trials to address broader research questions than can be addressed by quantitative methods alone. These methods enable health professionals, service users, and other stakeholders to contribute their views and experiences to evaluation of healthcare treatments, interventions, or policies, and influence the design of trials. Qualitative data often contribute information that is better able to reform policy or influence design.</p>
<p>METHODS: Health services researchers, including trialists, clinicians, and qualitative researchers, worked collaboratively to develop a comprehensive portfolio of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the West Wales Organisation for Rigorous Trials in Health (WWORTH), a clinical trials unit (CTU) at Swansea University, which has recently achieved registration with the UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC). Although the UKCRC requires a total of 25 SOPs from registered CTUs, WWORTH chose to add an additional qualitative-methods SOP (QM-SOP).</p>
<p>RESULTS: The qualitative methods SOP (QM-SOP) defines good practice in designing and implementing qualitative components of trials, while allowing flexibility of approach and method. Its basic principles are that: qualitative researchers should be contributors from the start of trials with qualitative potential; the qualitative component should have clear aims; and the main study publication should report on the qualitative component.</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that CTUs consider developing a QM-SOP to enhance the conduct of quantitative trials by adding qualitative data and analysis. We judge that this improves the value of quantitative trials, and contributes to the future development of multi-method trials.</p>
Geraldine: A social analysis of the effects of centralising the Strathallan County works : A report to the Action Committee of Geraldine Organisations
In 1982, the Strathallan County Council resolved to establish a central works headquarters at Temuka. This move would have involved scaling down the existing works depot at Geraldine. Residents of Geraldine were concerned about the possible effects on the community of the proposal. This study was therefore undertaken at their request to identify the key social concerns arising from centralisation of the depot
String Spectrum of 1+1-Dimensional Large N QCD with Adjoint Matter
We propose gauging matrix models of string theory to eliminate unwanted
non-singlet states. To this end we perform a discretised light-cone
quantisation of large N gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions, with scalar or
fermionic matter fields transforming in the adjoint representation of SU(N).
The entire spectrum consists of bosonic and fermionic closed-string
excitations, which are free as N tends to infinity. We analyze the general
features of such bound states as a function of the cut-off and the gauge
coupling, obtaining good convergence for the case of adjoint fermions. We
discuss possible extensions of the model and the search for new non-critical
string theories.Comment: 20 pages (7 figures available from authors as postscipt files),
PUPT-134
From Free Fields to AdS -- II
We continue with the program of hep-th/0308184 to implement open-closed
string duality on free gauge field theory (in the large limit). In this
paper we consider correlators such as \la \prod_{i=1}^n
\Tr\Phi^{J_i}(x_i)\ra. The Schwinger parametrisation of this -point
function exhibits a partial gluing up into a set of basic skeleton graphs. We
argue that the moduli space of the planar skeleton graphs is exactly the same
as the moduli space of genus zero Riemann surfaces with holes. In other
words, we can explicitly rewrite the -point (planar) free field correlator
as an integral over the moduli space of a sphere with holes. A preliminary
study of the integrand also indicates compatibility with a string theory on
. The details of our argument are quite insensitive to the specific form
of the operators and generalise to diagrams of higher genus as well. We take
this as evidence of the field theory's ability to reorganise itself into a
string theory.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures; v2. some additional comments, references adde
A pilot randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for antenatal depression
This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Few trials have evaluated the effectiveness of psychological treatment in improving depression by the end of pregnancy. This is the first pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) looking at treating depression by the end of pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of delivering a CBT intervention modified for antenatal depression during pregnancy. METHODS: Women in North Bristol, UK between 8-18 weeks pregnant were recruited through routine contact with midwives and randomised to receive up to 12 sessions of individual CBT in addition to usual care or to continue with usual care only. Women were eligible for randomisation if they screened positive on a 3-question depression screen used routinely by midwives and met ICD-10 criteria for depression assessed using the clinical interview schedule - revised version (CIS-R). Two CBT therapists delivered the intervention. Follow-up was at 15 and 33 weeks post-randomisation when assessments of mental health were made using measures which included the CIS-R. RESULTS: Of the 50 women assessed for the trial, 36 met ICD-10 depression criteria and were randomised: 18 to the intervention and 18 to usual care. Thirteen of the 18 (72%) women who were allocated to receive the intervention completed 9 or more sessions of CBT before the end of pregnancy. Follow-up rates at 15 and 33 weeks post-randomisation were higher in the group who received the intervention (89% vs. 72% at 15 weeks and 89% vs. 61% at 33 weeks post-randomisation). At 15 weeks post-randomisation (the end of pregnancy), there were more women in the intervention group (11/16; 68.7%) who recovered (i.e. no longer met ICD-10 criteria for depression), than those receiving only usual care (5/13; 38.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot trial shows the feasibility of conducting a large RCT to assess the effectiveness of CBT for treating antenatal depression before the end of pregnancy. The intervention could be delivered during the antenatal period and there was some evidence to suggest that it could be effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN44902048
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