ATLBS Extended Source Sample: The evolution in radio source morphology with flux density

Based on the ATLBS survey we present a sample of extended radio sources and derive morphological properties of faint radio sources. 119 radio galaxies form the ATLBS-Extended Source Sample (ATLBS-ESS) consisting of all sources exceeding 30" in extent and integrated flux densities exceeding 1 mJy. We give structural details along with information on galaxy identifications and source classifications. The ATLBS-ESS, unlike samples with higher flux-density limits, has almost equal fractions of FR-I and FR-II radio galaxies with a large fraction of the FR-I population exhibiting 3C31-type structures. Significant asymmetry in lobe extents appears to be a common occurrence in the ATLBS-ESS FR-I sources compared to FR-II sources. We present a sample of 22 FR-Is at z>0.5 with good structural information. The detection of several giant radio sources, with size exceeding 0.7 Mpc, at z>1 suggests that giant radio sources are not less common at high redshifts. The ESS also includes a sample of 28 restarted radio galaxies. The relative abundance of dying and restarting sources is indicative of a model where radio sources undergo episodic activity in which an active phase is followed by a brief dying phase that terminates with restarting of the central activity; in any massive elliptical a few such activity cycles wherein adjacent events blend may constitute the lifetime of a radio source and such bursts of blended activity cycles may be repeated over the age of the host. The ATLBS-ESS includes a 2-Mpc giant radio galaxy with the lowest surface brightness lobes known to date.Comment: 69 pages, 119 figures, 4 tables, to appear in ApJ

Optimization of WSN using Biological Inspired Self-Organized Secure Autonomous Routing Protocol

Since last three decade, Wireless Sensor Network is one of the biggest innovative technologies; it provides facility of heavy data traffic and management telecommunication by sensing, computation and communication into a small device. Main threat for this type of data transfer is data security in terms of maintains data integrity, high consumption of energy, end-to-end delay and high cost of nodes i.e. sensor. Handling all h issue at same time is the difficult task. SRTLD and BIOSARP are two routing protocol which helps in improving performance of the WSN. This paper is a detail description of secure architecture which is based on SRTLD and BIOSARP protocol. The main objective of this architecture is to provide high security by taking into account low energy consumption, low end-to-end delay and low node level cost. This mechanism uses concept of ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) which helps in achieving objective of the architectur

Accuracy Optimization of Centrality Score Based Community Detection

Various concepts can be represented as a graph or the network. The network representation helps to characterize the varied relations between a set of objects by taking each object as a vertex and the interaction between them as an edge. Different systems can be modelled and analyzed in terms of graph theory. Community structure is a property that seems to be common to many networks. The division of the some objects into groups within which the connections or relations are dense, and the connections with other objects are sparser. Various research and data points proves that many real world networks has these communities or groups or the modules that are sub graphs with more edges connecting the vertices of the same group and comparatively fewer links joining the outside vertices. The groups or the communities exhibit the topological relations between the elements of the underlying system and the functional entities. The proposed approach is to exploit the global as well as local information about the network topologies. The authors propose a hybrid strategy to use the edge centrality property of the edges to find out the communities and use local moving heuristic to increase the modularity index of those communities. Such communities can be relevantly efficient and accurate to some applications. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15073

169 years of medical research: An analysis of the temporal trends in the BMJ Archive

Background: Archives of the British Medical Journal are now available as an electronic database and articles published in the BMJ could be used to capture the historical trends of interest in medical subjects over past 170 years, we sought to study some of these trends. Method: We selected 10 search terms: 4 communicable diseases, 4 non- communicable diseases, and 2 interventions and used ‘advanced search’ feature of the BMJ archive. Keywords were searched for in either the title or abstract of the article. From the results displayed, a further manual search for research articles was made. Results: Non-communicable diseases show significant increase in the number of articles in the second half of 20th century. Number of research articles on communicable diseases show fluctuations coinciding with the epidemics of respective diseases. Increase in the number of research articles for certain diseases is preceded by a large increase in non -research articles. Conclusion: Publication of articles in the BMJ very closely reflects the changes in the disease patterns, magnitude and in their treatments and trends in BMJ publications may also predict future research activity/publications

The Stories We Tell: Colorblind Racism, Classblindness, and Narrative Framing in the Rural Midwest

The stories we tell about ourselves and our communities have the power to impact perceptions of marginalized communities, both positively and negatively. Narratives affect how people view themselves, their town, and other members of their community and thus shape personal interactions, local culture, social situations, and even decisions about allocation of resources. When those stories are rooted in discursive frames—what we can understand as the links between ideology and narrative—they can also perpetuate and reify power inequities. Within rural America, local elites and residents alike use narratives and discursive framing to erase or exclude communities of color and, at times, poor whites in unique ways. This happens through explicit and willful ignorance of narratives of difference that could both complicate normative assumptions and highlight histories of dispossession within rural towns. Drawing on 30 interviews and 12 months of ethnography in the midwestern town of Moses, we provide a case study that demonstrates how narratives perpetuated by both decision makers and residents, across racial and class backgrounds, are rooted in colorblind racism and classblindness regarding African Americans, Mexican Americans, and poor whites. These narratives frame perceptions of residents and neighborhoods, influence town-level decisions, and erase local histories

Utilization of Jamun Fruit (Syzygium Cumini) for Production of Red Wine

Jamun (Syzygium cumini) fruit was utilized for the production of red wine which is offering a lot of health benefits by acting as an effective medicine. The alcohol content of wine varied from 6.62 to 10.25 depending upon the variable concentration of total soluble sugars (7.88 to 10.53%) and varying levels of yeast (5, 10, 15 and 20%). Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used in the process of fermentation. The wine that had 8.22% alcohol obtained by fermentation with 10% yeast level, 8.18% TSS (Treatment T2) was considered to be the best acceptable when compared with others (T1, T3 and T4 Treatments). This wine was found to be the best by the panel members with respect to colour, taste, astringency and flavour. The wine that had 6.62% alcohol obtained by fermentation with 5% yeast level, 7.88% TSS was considered to be the least preferred and less acceptable when compared with others. No significant changes were observed in colour and clarity of wine obtained with 5% addition of yeast. However, with 5% addition of yeast, the taste, flavor and astringency attributes of wine were the least preferred when compared with others. The highest test score for taste, flavour and astringency properties was obtained for Treatment (T2). The time required for fermentation was 7 days at 28 ± 20C. The wine obtained with 15% (9.16% alcohol content) and 20% (10.25% alcohol content) yeast levels were found to have moderately acceptable scores

Modeling of PV Array to Study The Effects of Partial Shading on Its Characteristics and MPPT

MATLAB based modeling and simulation scheme suitable for studying the I-V and P-V characteristics of PV array under a non-uniform insolation due to partial shading and finding maximum power point from the characteristic is presented in the paper. This involved the Simulink and embedded MATLAB code for simulation. This is simple to use, accurate and economical computer aided design tool which can be used to enhance the understanding and predict the I-V and P-V characteristics of large PV arrays. It can be used to study the effect of temperature, insolation variation, varying shading patterns and the role of array configuration on the PV characteristics. Paper proposes standard algorithm to track the power peak under partially shaded conditions. The modeling and simulation of the maximum power point tracking algorithm is implemented in MATLAB / Simulink environment. The simulation results prove that with Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, MPPT reaches the intended maximum power point

Pharmacognostical and Phytophysicochemical investigations of Trigonella foenum – graecum Linn

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), plant is distributed throughout the world and which belongs to the family Fabacecae. The fenugreek seed contains active constituents such as Carbohydrates, Proteins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Free amino acids, Saponins, Glycosides, Vitamins, Minerals, Mucilage, Fixed Oils & Volatile Oils etc. It has been commonly used as a traditional food and medicine. Fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolaemic effects, Anti-inflammatory effects. Fenugreek has potential for curing diseases and also as a source for preparing raw materials of pharmaceutical industry like in steroidal hormones. This review gives view mainly on the Morphological evaluation, Microscopic evaluation, Physicochemical evaluation, Fluorescence Analysis and Phytochemical  evaluation. Keywords:  Trigonella Foenum-groecum L., Seeds, Fabacecae, Saponins

Green extraction of glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) with low solvent consumption: A desirability approach

The sweet flavor of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) leaf extract is well known and has raised the interest of huge food companies due to its natural bid. The extraction of their main glycosides stevioside and rebaudioside A is an important step on the preparation of final Stevia granules. The aim of the work reported here was to study and optimize the dynamic maceration of Stevia leaves using water and ethanol as green solvents. For instance, a fractional factorial design was chosen to evaluate the individual effects of the drug powder size, weight ratio of drug to solvent, temperature, agitation, and time on the yield of these glycosides. The glycosides were quantified by high pressure liquid chromatography. An exhaustive extraction by successive maceration steps showed that ethanol 70% was superior to water and ethanol 90% for stevioside and rebaudioside extraction. The liquid extract composition in dry basis and the yield of stevioside and rebaudioside A were significantly affected by the drug to solvent weight ratio, showing that larger volumes of solvent should be used. Furthermore, increasing solvent volume favors the extraction of the stevioside by a twofold factor as compared to rebaudioside A. Among the other factors, only drug powder size affected the yield of rebaudioside A significantly. The optimal solution for S. rebaudiana leaves dynamic extraction estimated by desirability functions methodology led to a condition which allows obtaining extraction yields of 2.31 and 1.24% for stevioside and rebaudioside A and their concentrations in dried extract corresponding to 8.38 and 4.51%, respectively. These high yields were obtained with drug to solvent ratio (1:10, w/w) much higher than previous works, thus resulting in a more sustainable and green process